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Biochemistry > Fatty Acid Metabolism > Flashcards

Fatty Acid Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

are building blocks of phospholipids and glycolipids.

A

Fatty acids

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2
Q

They are important
components of the biological membrane and are amphipathic molecules.

A

Fatty acids

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3
Q

Fatty acids are considered as fuel
molecules in the form of?

A

triacylglycerols

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4
Q

triacylglycerols is an esterified fatty acid along with glycerol which is
stored in?

A

adipose cells

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5
Q

are organic molecules consisting of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end

A

Fatty acids

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6
Q

Fatty acids are organic molecules consisting of a long hydrocarbon chain with a? At one end

A

carboxyl group

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7
Q

are the building blocks of fat in our bodies and the food we consume

A

Fatty acids

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8
Q

During
digestion, the body converts fats into fatty acids, which are then absorbed into the?

A

bloodstream

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9
Q

Fatty acid molecules are typically joined in groups of three to form a molecule known as?

A

triglyceride

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10
Q

The fatty acid is saturated if their are?

A

No double bond

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11
Q

the fatty acid is polyunsaturated if?

A

there are two or more double bonds,

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12
Q

the fatty acid is monounsaturated if?

A

There is one double bond

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13
Q

If there are no double bonds in the carbon chain of fatty acid?

A

it is saturated.

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14
Q

If there are one or more double bonds in the carbon chain?

A

it is unsaturated

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15
Q

Short-chain fatty acids:

A

up to 6 carbon atoms

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16
Q

Medium-chain fatty acids:

A

8 to 12 carbon atoms

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17
Q

Long-chain fatty acids:

A

14 to 18 carbon atoms

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18
Q

Very long-chain fatty acids:

A

20 carbon atoms and up

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19
Q

They have hydroxyl, keto, and epoxy groups; ricinoleic acid, the
main fatty acid in castor oil, is an example.

A

Oxygenated fatty acids

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20
Q

They have a cyclic unit with three, five, or even six carbon atoms, similar
to prostaglandins.

A

Cyclic fatty acids

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21
Q

Fatty acid composition affects membrane fluidity and permeability,
impacting cellular processes and protein function.

A

Membrane Function

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22
Q

Fatty acids are stored as?

A

triglycerides

23
Q

Fatty acids and their derivatives regulate physiological processes,
including inflammation and gene expression, by acting as?

A

signaling molecules

24
Q

modulate metabolic pathways directly and indirectly,
affecting insulin sensitivity and energy balance.

A

Fatty acids

25
Q

serve as precursors for steroid hormone synthesis,
influencing metabolic, immune, and reproductive functions.

A

Fatty acids

26
Q

is the metabolic process that produces fatty acids from excess carbohydrates.

A

De Novo Lipogenesis

27
Q

The primary site of the de novo synthesis of fatty acids is at the?

A

cytosol

28
Q

In the human body, this pathway of de novo synthesis is primarily active in?

A

liver and adipose tissue

29
Q

The first and foremost controlling step involved in fatty acid biosynthesis is the production of?

A

malonyl-CoA

30
Q

is a series of chemical reactions that moves citrate out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasm for fatty acid synthesis.

A

citrate shuttle

31
Q

is carboxylated to malonyl-CoA in the presence of ATP

A

acetyl-CoA

32
Q

enzyme complex produces fatty acids
following the synthesis of malonyl-CoA. This multienzyme polypeptide
complex, which includes the acyl carrier protein (ACP), links the individual enzymes necessary for fatty acid synthesis

A

The fatty acid synthase (FAS)

33
Q

The multienzyme complex includes 4′-phosphopantetheine, a form of the?

A

vitamin pantothenic acid

34
Q

contains a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid called palmitic acid

A

Palmitate

35
Q

which is the most common fatty acid found in palm oil

A

palmitic acid

36
Q

is a key hormone that stimulates fatty acid synthesis by promoting the transcription and activation of enzymes involved in lipogenesis, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS).

A

Insulin

37
Q

inhibits lipogenesis by suppressing the activity of ACC and FAS.

A

Glucagon

38
Q

is a hormone that inhibits lipogenesis by reducing insulin secretion and activating hormone-sensitive lipase. The hormones promote the breakdown of triglycerides to release fatty acids for energy.

A

Epinephrine

39
Q

have a crucial role in regulating fatty acid synthesis by modulating enzyme activity, hormone secretion, and metabolic pathways.

A

Nutritional factors

40
Q

serves as a precursor for fatty acid synthesis

A

acetyl-CoA

41
Q

is significant for assembly and packaging of lipids into
membrane structures and lipid droplets.

A

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

42
Q

Lipids synthesized in the ER are further processed, modified, and packaged in the organelle before being transported to their final destinations.

A

Golgi apparatus

43
Q

Fatty acid oxidation, also known as?

A

beta-oxidation

44
Q

is a crucial metabolic process where fatty acids are broken down to produce energy. The process is named after the oxidation of the beta
carbon in the fatty acid to a carbonyl group.

A

Fatty acid oxidation

45
Q

their production becomes more significant during fasting when peripheral tissues require additional energy

A

ketone bodies

46
Q

allows fatty acids to move across membranes down their
concentration gradient, driven by the differences in concentration between the extracellular and intracellular environments

A

Passive diffusion

47
Q

involves the assistance of membrane-bound proteins such as fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) and fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), which enhance the rate of fatty acid transport across the membrane

A

Facilitated diffusion

48
Q

play a crucial role in intracellular fatty acid trafficking and metabolism

A

fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs)

49
Q

the main cell type in the liver

A

hepatocytes

50
Q

In adipose tissue, triglycerides are synthesized and stored in specialized cells called?

A

adipocytes

51
Q

is a powerful analytical technique used to separate and identify different fatty acids in a sample. It allows for the quantification of fatty acids and their metabolites in biological samples.

A

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)

52
Q

is another technique used to separate and analyze fatty acids. It involves vaporizing the fatty acids and passing them through a column to separate them based on their physical properties.

A

Gas Chromatography (GC)

53
Q

involves introducing isotopically labeled fatty acids into the study subjects or samples. This technique allows for the tracking of fatty acid metabolism and turnover rates.

A

Stable isotope labeling

Biochemistry (10 decks)

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