Energy And Metabolism

Question 1

is a series of proteins that transfer electrons from donors to acceptor

Answer 1

electron transport chain

Question 2

is the process by which the energy released by these electrons is used to generate ATP, which is the cellular currency of energy.

Answer 2

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

is the culmination of energy-yielding metabolism

Answer 3

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 4

is the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units, releasing energy in the process.

Answer 4

catabolism

Question 5

which are living organisms that require oxygen to carry out their metabolic processes

Answer 5

aerobic organisms

Question 6

The primary goal of oxidative phosphorylation is to?

Answer 6

produce ATP

Question 7

Complex I, also referred to as

Answer 7

NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase

Question 8

serves as the starting point for electron transport within the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell. This complex is an integral component of the inner mitochondrial membrane, comprising a complex assembly of over 20 subunits.

Answer 8

NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase

Question 9

within Complex I contains flavin mononucleotide

Answer 9

flavoprotein

Question 10

a coenzyme distinct from flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) due to the absence of an adenine nucleotide.

Answer 10

flavin mononucleotide (FMN)

Question 11

the reduced flavoprotein is?

Answer 11

re-oxidized

Question 12

The electrons liberated from the iron-sulfur protein are then transferred to coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as?

Answer 12

ubiquinone

Question 13

is the second of the four membrane-bound complexes

Answer 13

Succinate

Question 14

is also responsible for catalyzing the electron transfer to coenzyme Q.

Answer 14

CoQ oxidoreductase

Question 15

What enzyme is succinate dehydrogenase?

Answer 15

Flavin enzyme

Question 16

converts succinate to fumarate as part of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 16

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 17

succinate dehydrogenase is a component of a complex that also includes

Answer 17

two iron-sulfur proteins

Question 18

Complexes I, III, and IV of the electron transport chain are?

Answer 18

proton pumps

Question 19

carries the electrons to complex IV, where a final batch of H+ ions is pumped across the membrane.

Answer 19

cytochrome C (cyt C)

Question 20

Complex III of the electron transport chain, also known as?

Answer 20

Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase or simply cytochrome reductase

Question 21

is a multi-subunit structure that functions to accept electrons from ubiquinol and transfer them onto another electron
carrier called cytochrome c.

Answer 21

cytochrome reductase

Question 22

contains a single heme group

Answer 22

cytochrome c1

Question 23

that consists of two different heme groups

Answer 23

cytochrome b

Question 24

that contains the 2Fe-2S center

Answer 24

Rieske center

Question 25

The process by which the electrons are transferred from the ubiquinol to cytochrome c is known as the

Answer 25

Q cycle

Question 26

Q cycle actually consists of two mini-cycles called?

Answer 26

half-cycles

Question 27

a ubiquinol molecule attaches onto complex III and transfers the two electrons to the complex.

Answer 27

first half-cycle

Question 28

is composed of cytochrome proteins c, a, and a3

Answer 28

fourth complex

Question 29

hold an oxygen molecule very tightly between the iron and copper ions until the oxygen is completely reduced

Answer 29

cytochromes

Question 30

The final stage of the electron-transport chain is the oxidation of the reduced cytochrome c generated by?

Answer 30

Complex III

Question 31

is reasonably well understood at the structural level. It consists of 13 subunits, of which 3 (called subunits I, II, and III) are encoded mitochondrial genome

Answer 31

Bovine cytochrome c oxidase

Question 32

All of the protein complex is known as?

Answer 32

ATP synthase

Question 33

All of the protein complex is known as ATP synthase. It is also referred to as?

Answer 33

mitochondrial ATPase

Question 34

was identified prior to the ATP production reaction

Answer 34

hydrolytic process

Question 35

American scientist Paul Boyer of UCLA and British scientist John Walker of the Medical Research Council in Cambridge, England, received the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work figuring out the

Answer 35

structure and function of ATP synthase

Question 36

England, received the 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their work figuring out the structure and function of this enzyme.

Answer 36

Paul Boyer and John Walker

Question 37

received the other half of this prize for his work on the sodium-potassium pump, which also serves as an ATPase.

Answer 37

Jens Skou

Question 38

was the mechanism that first sparked all of the arguments; later, conformational coupling was also taken into account

Answer 38

Chemiosmotic coupling

Question 39

According to him, the chemiosmotic model is a model for linking energy.

Answer 39

Peter Mitchell

Question 40

is a model for linking energy.

Answer 40

chemiosmotic model

Question 41

Mitchell described enzymatic processes as?

Answer 41

chemiosmotic

Question 42

means the obligatory link between ATP production in mitochondria and the respiratory chain’s electron flux; neither of the two Without each other, processes can continue.

Answer 42

coupling