Gluteal Region, Thigh, Popliteal Fossa: Osteology and Arthrology

Question 1

Intertrochanteric Line of Femur

Answer 1

ligaments insert into here; becomes the pectineal line and the linea aspera

Question 2

Intertrochanteric Crest

Answer 2

more muscles insert here than at the line, so a crest was created instead of a line

Question 3

Spiral Line of the Femur

Answer 3

medial lip of linea aspera, pectineal line, and linea aspera; split to form medial and lat. supracondylar lines

Question 4

Angle of Inclination of Femur

Answer 4

decreases as a child grows, because there is more weight bearing down on the femoral head

Question 5

Adductor Tubercle of Femur

Answer 5

located right about the medial epicondyle

Question 6

Fracture of the Neck of the Femur

Answer 6

aging can cause this; recovery is predicted by blood supply (ligament of the head of the femur carries arteries that in early life are very active; could be torn open to cause avascular necrosis)

Question 7

Hip Joint

Answer 7

the articulation between femur and ileum; performs flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation, and circumduction

Has a rich ligamentous support; when we flex our hip, these go lax, allowing for room; when we extend our hip they pull tight, sinking the hip deep into the joint; at any moment, some ligament is stabilizing while another goes lax

Question 8

Acetabular Labrum

Answer 8

deepens the acetabular fossa; no articulation in the inferior; only covers the superior half in a lunar shape; the center should never be an articular surface

Question 9

Ligament of the head of the femur

Answer 9

very little structural integrity; from acetabulum to the pit in the head of the femur; from wall of the transverse acetabular ligament to the pit of the head of the femur

Question 10

Iliofemoral Ligament

Answer 10

forms a Y shape around the hip joint

Question 11

Pubofemoral Ligament

Answer 11

from the inferior ramus of the ischium to the superior ramus of the pubis

Question 12

Ischiofemoral Ligament

Answer 12

on the posterior side of the hip joint

Question 13

Knee Joint

Answer 13

hinge type synovial joint permitting rotation; permits flexion/extension of the leg and rotation when leg is fixed;

Question 14

Knee Joint: locked position

Answer 14

the femur is medially rotated on the tibia; to unlock, the popliteus muscle laterally rotates the femur

Question 15

Deep Muscles of the Hip

Answer 15

have a very strong relationship between the pelvis and the femur; keeps pelvis stable

Question 16

Piriformis

Answer 16

separates the exiting of the superior and inferior gluetal n. and a. from the pelvis; sciatic nerve typically exits inferior to the piriformis;

Question 17

Trendelenberg’s Sign

Answer 17

if there is damage to the superior gluteal nerves or muscles, the pelvis sags due to the inactivity of medius and minimus; this may ccause a lurching gait;

glute min and medius typically allows elevation df the foot not taking the step so there is no dragging

Question 18

Gluteal Activation

Answer 18

we can isolate which fibers we fire in the glute muscles; can do internal (anterior fibers) or external (posterior fibers) rotation to help stabilize movements

Question 19

Sacral Plexus

Answer 19

dorsal divisions of the ventral rami L4, L5-S2 form the common fibular part of the sciatic nerve;

also gives rise to the superior and inferior gluteal nerves (leave via greater sciatic foramen)

Ventral divisions give rise to the tibial part of the sciatic nerve

Also give rise to the pudendal nerve that is seen in the gluteal region; carries sensory info and autonomic fibers from genital region

Question 20

Lumbar Plexus

Answer 20

Dorsal Divsions of L2-L4 collect to form the femoral nerve

Ventral Divisions of L2-L4 form the obturator nerve

Dorsal Divisions of L4-L5 form the lumbosacral trunk

Question 21

Fascia Lata

Answer 21

dense connective tissue sheath forms the deep fascia of the thigh; it is attached in a ring like fashion to much of the pelvis and invests the thigh muscles;

lateral side of the fascia lata is thickened as the IT band; TFL and gluteus maximus insert into this and tighten it, aiding in stabilization of pelvis

Question 22

Femoral Sheath

Answer 22

extension of the abdominal transversalis fascia and iliac fascia that encases the contents of the femoral triangle, except for the nerves;

divided into the compartments for artery, vein, femoral canal

Question 23

Femoral Canal

Answer 23

allows for venous expansion of vein during times of high venous return;