Gluconeogenisis (Chapter 17)

Question 1

Function of pyruvate carboxylase

Answer 1

To phophosphoylate and add HCO3 to pyruvate to convert it to oxaloacetate

Question 2

Function of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

Answer 2

To phosphorylate oxaloacetate using GTP to convert it to phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 3

Function of enolase

Answer 3

To add a water molecule to phosphoenolpyruvate to convert it to 2-phosphoglycerate

Question 4

Function of phosphoglycerate mutase

Answer 4

To convert 2-phosphoglycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate

Question 5

Function of phosphoglycerate kinase

Answer 5

To phosphorylate 3-phosphoglycerate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Question 6

Function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Answer 6

To dephosphorylate and add electrons to 1,3-BPG to change it to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Question 7

Function of triose phosphate isomerase

Answer 7

To convert one of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphates into dihydroxyacetone (switched around for the glycolysis cycle(?))

Question 8

Function of aldolase

Answer 8

To synthesize glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

Question 9

Function of fructose 1,6-bisphosphotase

Answer 9

To remove a phosphate from fructose 1,6-bisphosphate while adding a water molecule (?) to convert it to fructose 6-phosphate

Question 10

Function of phosphoglucose isomerase

Answer 10

To convert fructose-6 phosphate into glucose 6-phosphate

Question 11

Function of glucose 6-phosphotase

Answer 11

To remove a phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate while adding a water molecule (?) to convert it to glucose

Question 12

What is the major site of gluconeogenesis?

Answer 12

The liver, but it can occur in the kidney

Question 13

What are the precursors for gluconeogenesis?

Answer 13

Pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and most of the amino acids

In plants, stored fats are converted into the disaccharide sucrose

In simple microorganisms, lactate, acetate, and propionate are converted to glucose