Glossary

Question 0

HLA

Answer 0

Human leukocyte antigen
3- ab against beta cells (later onset)
4- ab against insulin
2- protective

Question 1

Sulfonylureas

Answer 1

MODY treatment (increases Ca2+)

Question 2

TCF7L2

Answer 2

homozygous, doubles risk of diabetes

Question 3

FTO

Answer 3

increases obesity risk (diabetes secondary)

Question 4

EPO

Answer 4

diabetes; increases retinal complications risk

Question 5

Acetoacetic acid

Answer 5

ketone produced by DKA

Question 6

Beta hydroxybutyric acid

Answer 6

ketone of DKA

Question 7

Metformin

Answer 7

drug for T2DM; decreases production and output of glucose from liver

Question 8

DPP4

Answer 8

degrades incretins (GLP1)

Question 9

IRT

Answer 9

Immunoreactive trypsinogen - CF newborn screen

Question 10

JAK2

Answer 10

non-receptor tyrosine kinase; activated by erythropoietin

Question 11

Reticuloendothelial system

Answer 11

macrophage removal of RBC

Question 12

reticulocyte

Answer 12

immature RBC in bloodstream

Question 13

polycythemia

Answer 13

opposite of anemia (too much RBC in plasma)

Question 14

acanthocytes

Answer 14

pointy star cells from shriveling (pyruvate kinase deficiency)

Question 15

stomatocyte

Answer 15

fish mouth cells; hereditary stomatocytosis

Question 16

porphyrin vs heme

Answer 16

heme is a type of porphyrin

Question 17

inosine

Answer 17

added to stored blood to increase 2,3 BPG

Question 18

carbamoylation

Answer 18

CO2 binding of Hb (allosteric inhibition))

Question 19

cholecystokinin

Answer 19

hormone secreted in duodenum (forces pancreatic zymogen secretion)

Question 20

penicillamine

Answer 20

solubilizes cysteine stones in cystinuria

Question 21

oxoprolinuria

Answer 21

GSH synthetase deficiency

presence in urine

Question 22

MVB

Answer 22

Multivesicular bodies

transport stuff between early and late endosome

Question 23

M6P

Answer 23

attached to prohydrolase in rER; endosomes/golgi/lysosomes have M6P receptors

Question 24

PAMP

Answer 24

pathogen associated molecular pattern | one way for phagocytosis to occur

Question 25

Dynamin

Answer 25

a GTPase that pinches off endosomes

Question 26

Adaptin

Answer 26

clathrin attaches to cargo receptors via adaptin during rececptor meidated endocytosis

Question 27

Acrocentric

Answer 27

q>>>>p

Question 28

Euchromatin v heterochromatin

Answer 28

heterchromatin is the tightly packed kind

Question 29

Aneuploidy

Answer 29

ex. trisomy21

Question 30

Polyploidy

Answer 30

3n, 4n, etc

Question 31

transition point mutation

Answer 31

purine --> purine or pyramidine --> pyramidine

Question 32

transversion point mutation

Answer 32

purine--> pyramidine