Glossary Flashcards
HLA
Human leukocyte antigen
3- ab against beta cells (later onset)
4- ab against insulin
2- protective
Sulfonylureas
MODY treatment (increases Ca2+)
TCF7L2
homozygous, doubles risk of diabetes
FTO
increases obesity risk (diabetes secondary)
EPO
diabetes; increases retinal complications risk
Acetoacetic acid
ketone produced by DKA
Beta hydroxybutyric acid
ketone of DKA
Metformin
drug for T2DM; decreases production and output of glucose from liver
DPP4
degrades incretins (GLP1)
IRT
Immunoreactive trypsinogen - CF newborn screen
JAK2
non-receptor tyrosine kinase; activated by erythropoietin
Reticuloendothelial system
macrophage removal of RBC
reticulocyte
immature RBC in bloodstream
polycythemia
opposite of anemia (too much RBC in plasma)
acanthocytes
pointy star cells from shriveling (pyruvate kinase deficiency)
stomatocyte
fish mouth cells; hereditary stomatocytosis
porphyrin vs heme
heme is a type of porphyrin
inosine
added to stored blood to increase 2,3 BPG
carbamoylation
CO2 binding of Hb (allosteric inhibition))
cholecystokinin
hormone secreted in duodenum (forces pancreatic zymogen secretion)
penicillamine
solubilizes cysteine stones in cystinuria
oxoprolinuria
GSH synthetase deficiency
presence in urine
MVB
Multivesicular bodies
transport stuff between early and late endosome
M6P
attached to prohydrolase in rER; endosomes/golgi/lysosomes have M6P receptors
PAMP
pathogen associated molecular pattern
one way for phagocytosis to occur
Dynamin
a GTPase that pinches off endosomes
Adaptin
clathrin attaches to cargo receptors via adaptin during rececptor meidated endocytosis
Acrocentric
q»»p
Euchromatin v heterochromatin
heterchromatin is the tightly packed kind
Aneuploidy
ex. trisomy21
Polyploidy
3n, 4n, etc
transition point mutation
purine –> purine or pyramidine –> pyramidine
transversion point mutation
purine–> pyramidine
