glomerulonephritis Flashcards
nephritis
generic term meaning inflammation of the kidneys
not a diagnosis
nephritic syndrome features
haematuria (micro or macro)
oliguria
fluid retention
nephrotic syndrome features
peripheral oedema
proteinuria > 3g/24hrs
serum albumin <25g/L
hypercholesterolemia
glomerulonephritis
umbrella term applied to conditions that cause inflammation around glomerulus and nephron
glomerulosclerosis
pathological scarring of glomerular tissue
can be caused by any type of glomerulonephtoris or obstructive uropathy or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
examples of glomerulonephritis
- minimal change disease
- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
- membranous glomerulonephritis
- IgA nephropathy
- post-strep glomerulonephritis
most types of glomerulonephritis are treated with
immunosuppresion e.g. steroids
blood pressure control by blocking renin-angiotensin system e.g. ACEI or ARDs
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome kids
minimal change disease
how is minimal change disease managed
steroids
nephrotic syndrome predisposes patients to
thrombosis
htn
high cholesterol
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
IgA nephropathy
people in 20s
most common cause primary glomerulonphritis
IgA nephropathy historlogy
IgA deposits and glomerular mesangial proliferation
most common type of glomuerulonephritis
membranous glomerulonephritis
membranous glomerulonephritis most common ages
bimodal peak - 20s and 60s
membranous glomerulonephritis histology
IgG and complement deposits on basement membrane
membranous glomerulonephritis causes
mostly idiopathic (70%)
malignancy
rheumatic disorders
drugs e.g. NSAIDs
post-strep glomerulonephritis - usual age
patients <30yrs
post-strep glomerulonephritis presentation
1-3wks after strep infection e.g. tonsilitis, impetigo
nephritic syndrome
usually full recovery
Good-pasture syndrome
anti-GBM antibodies attack glomerulus and pulmonary basement membranes –> glomerulonephritis and pulmonary heamorrhage
good-pasture syndrome presentatin
AKI
haemoptysis
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
presents with very acute illness with sick patients but responds well to Rx
often 2ry to goodpasture syndrome
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis histology
crescentic glomerulonephritis
membranous nephropathy is commonly assoc with
malignancy
