Global State And Green Crime Flashcards
South 4 types of green crime primary
- crime of air pollution
- crimes of deforestation
- crimes of species and decline
- crime of water pollution
Crime of air pollution
- burning fossil fuel carry 6b ton of carbon into atmospheric
- 2x as many die from air pollution and breathing problems
- criminal gov business consumer
Crimes of deforestation
- 1/5 worlds tropical rainforest has been destroyed 1960-90
- illegal logging war on drugs destroy crops contaminated water - state logging company
Crimes of water pollution
1/2 b people lack clean water 25m year die from contam
Marine pollution threaten 58% earths ocean deep water horizon Oli spill cause harm
South type of secondary green crim
- state violence against opposition groups
- hazordas waste and organised crime
State violence against oppositional groups
- state condemn terror whist use other illegal methods
- 1985 state secret service blew up green peace ship in New Zealand
- ship there to prevent greeen crime like French nuclear weapons testing in south pacific
Hazardous waste
- disposable of toxic waste is highly profitable, may do it because it is cheaper
- eco mafia Italy profit , golbal in nature like tsunami wash up illegal waste from Europe to Somalia
Illegal dump show issue law enforcement
Traditional crim
- not concerned with green - no law broke
- come about with international law reg about environmental
- stitu and em one environmental law as in athorised act / omission that violates the law
White green crim
- uses notion of harm
- any action that harms the physical nviroment no matter if law is broken
- better as it definition is beyond state law
White two veiw
- anthrpocentric - national state and transnational companies assume human rights dom nature and put economic growth with above all else
- eco centric environment also harm is , both vulnerable to exploitation
Global risk and environment
- ## crime such as Chernobyl show threat to nature often man made
Beck late modern society
- we can provide adequate resources for all
- due to this have manufactured risk such as green house gas
Mozambique 2010
- global nature of man made risk can cause crime - global heat Russia caused heat wave destroy grain belt
- shortage pushed up price impose ban
- 30% increas in bread price riot and looting
Green and ward
- state crime as deviant activity perpetrated by or with the complicity of state agents
- crime committed on behalf of of state in order to futher policy
- doesn’t include people who work for the state eg police officer
The scale of state crime
- enormous power harm budge scale
- green and ward - 262m murdered by gov during 20th century
The state is the source of law
- state define criminal uphold + prosecute
- conceal its crime evade punishment
Avoid define own acts
- conceal its crime evade punishment
War crime illegal war
- international law apartment from self defence only UN Security Council can declear war
- us led wars Afghanistan war illegal
Kramer and michalowski - illegal wars
- to justify war Iraq - claim had weapon of mass destruction
Whyte - crime committing during or aftermath
- us liberal colonisation of Iraq constitution illegally change so economy could be privatised
- Oil revenseized to pay reconstruction $48b went to us
Kramer and michalowski - state initiated coprate crime
- initiate direct or approved corporate crime
- challenger space shuttle. 1986 negligence killed 7
State facilitated - Kramer and michalowski
State fail to regulate/ control corporate behaviour- make crime 3asier
right release by bp exploded killing 11
Ofgical fail to notice cost cutting design
