Gender Crime And Justice

Question 1

Functionalist sex role theory

Answer 1

• gexplain gender diff in crime through socialisation
• boys aggressive and risk taking, more disposed to acts of violence

Question 2

Parson - sex role theory

Answer 2

• trace diff in crime to gender role in family : men bread winner out side women expressive in home
• girl have acess to female role model boy reject b6 distance self compensate compulsive masc slip into crim activity

Question 3

A.K cohen

Answer 3

• boys lack male socialising agent turn to male street gang for source of identity

Question 4

Walklate - parson critism

Answer 4

• sex role assume women are best suited to expressive rolf
  Ultimate based on untested biological assumptions

Question 5

Heidenson

Answer 5

Women’s behavou4 is conformist because there is control imposed on women reduce oppertunity to offend
- the control is seen at home public or at work

Question 6

Heidenson

Answer 6

Women’s behavou4 is conformist because there is control imposed on women reduce oppertunity to offend
- the control is seen at home public or at work

Question 7

Control at home

Answer 7

• constan5 housework , restrictions over time movement confines women to house
• women who seek to reject partners enforce it on by force

Question 8

Dobadash and dobadsh

Answer 8

• violent attack result from men dissatisfaction of their wives prefomance of domestic duties
• exercise control through financial power - deny suffiant fund for leisure activities

Question 9

Daughter patriarchal control

Answer 9

• less likely to do as they please
• develop bedrooms culture socialise at home
• require to do more housework

Question 10

Control in public space

Answer 10

• fear of male violence 54% avoid going out at dark
• fear of not being respectable - going into pubs - sex worker / loose
• boys maintain control through verbal abuse

Question 11

Control at work

Answer 11

• sexual harassment keeps women in their place
  Glass ceiling can stop women from committing fraud and white collar crime

Question 12

Carlen class and gender deal

Answer 12

• looked at w/c who commit a range of crime ( some m/c)
• hirschi control theory - peopl3 offer reward for conformity if not forthcoming- crime
• w/c promise two type - class deal , gender deal
  If not available or worth crime more likely

Question 13

Class deal

Answer 13

• failed to gain a legit way of living
• 32 in poverty whole life
• problem with claiming benifits

Question 14

Gender deal

Answer 14

Did not see th3 benifit in family
- many had been abused
- lived in care
- ran from care

Question 15

Carlen and heindson eval

Answer 15

• women behavour determined - no free will
  Carlen sample small unrepresentative

Question 16

Liberation thesis alder

Answer 16

• women freed from patriarchy- commit serious male crime - raise female crime
• structure of society changed patriarchy lessened in work + school- women adopt male role in legitimate activity and illegitimate activities
• increase confidence and assertive greater opportunities whit3 collar crime

Question 17

Critism of liberation thesis

Answer 17

• female crime rose before liberation thesis
• little evidence that structure of professional crime has opened up to women

Question 18

Hand and Dodd

Answer 18

Number of violence female rose 17% each year

Question 19

Stefffensmeir and shawartz

Answer 19

• female aresr grew 1/5 to 1/3 1980-2003
• did not match victim report, no Chang just net wid3n

Question 20

Sharpe gelsthorpe

Answer 20

• net widening policy produce rise in official statistics for violent crime
• low level physical alterations no won

Question 21

Homocide victim

Answer 21

• 70% male - killed by friend / aquantence
• women more likely to be killed by someone they know 60% time

Question 22

Victims of violence

Answer 22

• women itminate violence 1/4 domestic violence
• 5x more likely to be as
• 8% report serious sexual assault

Question 23

Mismatch between fear and risk

Answer 23

• women less victim , more scared
• female experiance violence refuses to be interviewed

Question 24

Messerschmidt

Answer 24

• masculinity is a social construct - men have to work at presenting and constructed, some have more to achieve
• hegemonic masculinity is what every man wants to achieve , some Menes have a subordinate identity- gay minority ethnic

Question 25

Messerschmidt achieve masculinity

Answer 25

• crime and deviance is a resource
• white m/c subordinate to teacher outside school vandilisr
• white w/c masculinity oppersitional in and out of school
• black Lower class working youths gang membership

Question 26

Critism of Messerschmidt

Answer 26

• crisis explanation or description
• not all men use crime
  Suggest all men enjoy crime

Question 27

Left realism

Answer 27

• see statistic as representative
• crime is product of marginalisation releative deprivation
• me - Rasmussen ecomnomoc dep unemployment poverty poor housing - consumer encourage by media - form subculture utilatrain crime - no rep ultalutariqn crime

Question 28

Lea and young police racism

Answer 28

• acknowledge police can act in discriminatory ways but not explain differences
• 90% crime are report by public - unlikely police act in discriminatory ways
• can’t explain diff in minority - caused by rd and marg

Question 29

Gilroy

Answer 29

• black criminality myth based on raspy stereotypes
• minority ethnic crime political resistance- struggle against imperialism w/c crime political resistance
• ## back Asian originate from colony anti imperialism taught defend themselves riot and demonstrating

Question 30

Hall et al -

Answer 30

• 1970 moral panic over black mugger - seve needs of capitalism
• capitalism high crisis - unemployment high inflation strike
• need to legitimate force - moral panic mugging assisted with black no evidence of more
• seve as a scapegoat for unemployment

Question 31

Black mugger symbolise disintegrated of social order

Answer 31

• by presenting black youth as threat moral panic serve to divide the w/c on racial ground
• ## win popular concent for authoritarian