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10th grade study > Global Regents 2024 > Flashcards

Global Regents 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

apartheid

A

separation of the races, it is a policy of strict social segregation

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2
Q

universal suffrage

A

voting rights for everyone

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3
Q

absolutism

A

when one person holds all the power over a country or region

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4
Q

englightenment

A

a time where people questioned the government/king

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5
Q

ottoman empire

A

lasted for over 400 years, the ottomans built one of the largest and most diverse empires that offered religious tolerance

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6
Q

Mughal empire

A

a Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of modern day India and Pakistan from 1526 to 1857

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7
Q

British Eats India Company

A

Set up with the intention of expanding and trading with India (the company is not a government, but had the pull and sway of a government)

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8
Q

Tokugawa Shogunate

A

the government that ruled Japan (1600-1868), it prevented foreigners from coming into Japan and from Japanese people leaving Japan, they also cut off all trading from Japan with other nations

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9
Q

Feudalism

A

Land owned by a powerful person is divided up and given to others in exchange for work and a promise to fight for the landowner

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10
Q

edict of 1635

A

orders the closing of Japan and they go into a period of Isolationism (wanted to eliminate foreign influence from Japan including Christianity)

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11
Q

What led to the Enlightenment era?

A

during the scientific revolution, people began to question who was in charge which was the Church. This then lead to people questioning the government, people wanted a change in government.

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12
Q

Scientific revolution

A

a series of rapid scientific advancements that occurred in Western Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries

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13
Q

John Locke

A

Enlightenment thinker; natural rights of people being life, liberty, and property. He wrote two treaties of government - consent of the governed

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14
Q

Natural Rights

A

Rights that all people are born with

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15
Q

Montesquieu

A

Enlightenment thinker; separation of powers - three branches of government so no one branch holds all the power

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16
Q

Rousseau

A

Enlightenment thinker; Social contract theory - contract between the people and the government

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17
Q

Social contract

A

An agreement between the people and government; if the government fails to meet the needs of the people, they can overthrow the government

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18
Q

Voltaire

A

Believes in freedom of expression. Influences monarchs like Catherine the Great of Russian to be an “Enlightened Despot” which is the incorporation of some reforms as long as they didn’t threaten the social order of their power

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19
Q

Mary Wollenstonecraft

A

One of the first Women to fight for women’s equality and rights

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20
Q

Democracy

A

People have say in the government

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21
Q

Absolute Monarchy

A

A king who has absolutely all the power, they typically abuse their power

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22
Q

3rd estate in France

A

The 3rd Estate in France had no say in government, no rights, they were oppressed and paid the taxes for ALL classes/estates including themselves in France

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23
Q

Causes of the French Revolution

A

France was in debt due to King Louis XIV’s poor spending habits, the 3rd estate were extremely poor and were forced to pay ALL the taxes, there was lack of freedom and rights

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24
Q

The 3 Estate System in France:

A

1st Estate: (Clergy-People of the Church)
2nd Estate: (Nobility-Land Owners)
3rd Estate: (Peasants, workers, bourgeoise)

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25
Q

National Assembly

A

Made up of the 3rd Estate when King Louis XVI locked them out of a meeting

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26
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

Was a written set of laws

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27
Q

Storming of the Bastille

A

The 3rd Estate stormed h=the prison called the Bastille to steal weapons and commit their first violent act of the French Revolution

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28
Q

Declarations of the Rights of Man and Citizens

A

A written set of laws that gave equal rights to the people and fair taxation (this did not apply to women)

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29
Q

Declaration of the rights of women and citizen

A

Written by Olympe deGouge, declaration that Women would share the same rights as man

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30
Q

Reign of Terror

A

Robespierre became power hungry and cut off 100,000 French people’s head. Anyone who he thought wasn’t for the revolution or supported the Monarchy was killed by the Guillotine

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31
Q

Robespierre

A

leader of the committee of public safety which kicked King Louis XVI out of power because he was against the monarch

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32
Q

The directory in France

A

a representative government made up of 2 branches

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33
Q

Napoleon

A

Came to power in France by a Coup d’etat (overthrow of the current government), he made himself the emperor

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34
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

A meeting of European Countries after the French Revolution whose goal was to get a balance of power among the European Countries

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35
Q

Simon Bolivar

A

Won independence from the Spanish for several Latin American Countries

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36
Q

Haitian Revolution-Toussaint Louverture:

A

Led the only successful slave revolt in history and gained independence for Haiti

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37
Q

nationalism

A

love for one’s country or ethnicity

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38
Q

blood and iron

A

otto von bismarck united Germany using “blood and Iron” (Used war and industrialization to unify Germany)

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39
Q

Giuseppe Garibaldi

A

“the sword”, unified Italy through war

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40
Q

Camillo di Cavour

A

“the brains”, unintentionally unifies Italy

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41
Q

What did nationalism cause in Austria-Hungary?

A

it caused division due to national groups having a strong sense of pride which pulled the empire apart

42
Q

What did nationalism cause in the Ottoman Empire?

A

it caused division in the empire due to national groups having a strong sense of pride which pulled the empire apart

43
Q

The agrarian revolution

A

new farming methods, (seed drill, new vegetables, plow. etc…) led to a surplus of food and they needed less people to work on the farms

44
Q

capitalism

A

economic system in business owns the means of production

45
Q

adam smith

A

wrote the wealth of nations, which offered little government interactions/interference with business

46
Q

Laissez-Faire

A

government does not interfere with business

47
Q

socialism

A

an economic and political theory advocating collective ownership and democratic control of the means of production, aiming to achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth and resources

48
Q

karl marx and fredrich engels

A

wrote the communist manifesto and believed in marxism, promoted a classless society and believed the government should own the means of production

49
Q

communist manifesto

A

written by karl marx and friendrick engels, outlines the historical development of class struggles and advocates for the overthrow of capitalist society by proletarian revolution to establish a classless society

50
Q

communism

A

government in which a small elite controls all economic and political life

51
Q

impacts of the industrial revolution

A

child labor laws, reforms, capitalism, labour unions, leads to imperialism, irish potato famine

52
Q

capitalism

A

private ownership of the means of production (democracy)

53
Q

imperialism

A

the domination by one country of the political economic, and/or cultural life of another country or region

54
Q

social dawnisim

A

“survival of the fittest”, european whites felt they were the strongest species that was more dominant and it was their job yo help the inferiror races (non-whites)

55
Q

scramble for africa

A

european nations competed for control of africa

56
Q

berlin conference

A

meeting held in Germany by Otto Von bismarck and it split up africa among the european powers

57
Q

boer wars

A

british occupied south africa and the native people, called the boer;s were not happy. the boer’s went to war with Britain and Britian won. this setup segregation

58
Q

sepoy rebellion/mutiny

A

a form of resistance in India, sepoys(Indian soldiers) rose up against the British because they felt their religious beliefs were being violated, the british crushed their rebellion.

59
Q

spheres of influence

A

china isolated themself because they believed they were nire advanced than others. this had them fall behind and it made it easy for industrilized european nations to come and take what they wanted

60
Q

opium wars

A

Great Britian vs. China, Britian was selling opium to China, againdt their will. Chinese officials aggresively enforced its laws against opium use and distribution, this got britian mad.

61
Q

treaty of nanking

A

unfair treaty to end the opium wars. British had more access to points such as hong kong, chinese could not fight the British, chinese had to pay massive debts to Britian

62
Q

commodore matthew perry

A

forced Japan to end their isolation, and open up their ports to the U.S.A. or they would attack

63
Q

Meiji restoration

A

rapid industrilization took place in Japan under emperor Meiji to avoid being imperilizied

64
Q

main causes of WW1

A

militarism- countries build up their armies, improve war technology.
alliances - secret alliances were being made.
nationalism- love for one;s country, can be unfying or divisive/seperating.
Imperliasm- when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation for their resources and labor

65
Q

what was the immediate cause/spark of WW1?

A

the assination of archduke franz ferdidnand who was in charge of austria was the immediate cause of WW1

66
Q

central powers during WW1

A

Germany, Austria, Hungary, Ottoman Empire

67
Q

allied powers during WW1

A

France, Great Britian, Japan, Italy (switched sides), Russia (will drop out), and later the U.S.A. will join

68
Q

league of nations

A

world peacekeeping organization made up of many countries around the world

69
Q

treaty of versailles

A

ended WW1, Germany took the blame and had to pay reparations and lost territories

70
Q

bloody Sunday

A

Nicholas II of Russia feared an uprising and called in Soldiers who shot and killed many of the peaceful protests

71
Q

Bolshevik Revolution

A

Revolt to overthrow the capitalist system in Russia, red guards joined by the army and navy led by Vladimir Lenin

72
Q

Vladmir Lenin

A

Unites the people of Russia using the Slogan, “Peace, Land, and Bread.” peace meaning leaving WW1, land means land redistribution, bread means feed the starving people

73
Q

Joseph Stalin

A

takes over the USSR after Lenin dies - power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky (exiled and later assinated)

74
Q

5 year plan

A

Industrializes Russia and Communism was the goal, the quotas were not met

75
Q

Ukranian Holodomor

A

“Death by Hunger:, Stalin cut rations of food given to the ukranian people because quotas for the crops were not met

76
Q

the gulag

A

Brutal labor camps, Stalin sent any suspects of going against the government was sent to the Gulag

77
Q

The great purge

A

Stalin’s own “Reign of Terror”, Stalin was afraid of losing power and killed over 4 million of his own people

78
Q

facism

A

rule of a people by a dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic, started in Italy

79
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

was the fascist leaders in Italy

80
Q

Adolf Hitler

A

Was the fascist leader in Germany

81
Q

causes of WW2

A

unresolved issues from the treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations was weak

82
Q

rape of nanjing

A

Japanese militarists brutually took over the capital of China, Nanjing

83
Q

Appeasement

A

nations gave in to aggressive demands to maintain peace

84
Q

munich pact

A

Great Britian, France, and Germany sign an agreement that gave in to Hitler’s demands by having him sign a pact that he’ll never take lands again

85
Q

how does WW2 start?

A

when Germany invades Poland on September 1st 1939

86
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

An agreement between the allies to split up Germany

87
Q

Glasnot

A

openers in USSR, freedom of aggression

88
Q

Perestroika

A

Political and economic resorts in the USSR to jump start their economy

89
Q

Tiananmen Square

A

the people of China; mostly students, were tired of their Communist government, and protest peacefully against Communism. They were killed by their own government

90
Q

Nelson Mandela

A

leader of the ANC, non-violent protests

91
Q

Kwame Nkrumha

A

promotes decolonization, terms orginaziation of African Unity. Protests for indepedence in Ghana

92
Q

Jomo Kenyatta

A

helps Kenya gain their indepdence from Britian; violent rebellion

93
Q

Pan Africanmism

A

Promoted nationalist movements in Africa

94
Q

Ho Chi Min

A

Vietnamemese revutionary, communist (North Vietnam) Ngo Dioh Dien controls south vietnam and forms a democracy

95
Q

Geneva Conference

A

ends vietnam war and divides vietnam between communist side and non-democractic side

96
Q

Kemal Atuturk

A

united and helped turkey gain their indepdence

97
Q

Sun yat sen

A

overthrow the Qing Dynasty

98
Q

Mao Zedong

A

Chinese communist leader that formed and the chinese cultural revolution

99
Q

The Great Leap Forward

A

industrial and agricultural reforms in China, famine, forced labor, deaths

100
Q

Cultural Revolution

A

Chaotic time led by Mao Zedong where many people were persecuted, society was disrupted and the economy suffered

101
Q

Deng Xiaoping

A

transformed China’s economy using the Four Modernizations but kept up with a more communist form of government that limited human rights

102
Q

four modernizations

A

led by deng xiaoping - modernize farming, expand industry, promote science and technology and improve military

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