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10th grade study > Global Regents 2024 > Flashcards

Global Regents 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

apartheid

A

separation of the races, it is a policy of strict social segregation

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2
Q

universal suffrage

A

voting rights for everyone

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3
Q

absolutism

A

when one person holds all the power over a country or region

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4
Q

englightenment

A

a time where people questioned the government/king

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5
Q

ottoman empire

A

lasted for over 400 years, the ottomans built one of the largest and most diverse empires that offered religious tolerance

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6
Q

Mughal empire

A

a Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of modern day India and Pakistan from 1526 to 1857

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7
Q

British Eats India Company

A

Set up with the intention of expanding and trading with India (the company is not a government, but had the pull and sway of a government)

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8
Q

Tokugawa Shogunate

A

the government that ruled Japan (1600-1868), it prevented foreigners from coming into Japan and from Japanese people leaving Japan, they also cut off all trading from Japan with other nations

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9
Q

Feudalism

A

Land owned by a powerful person is divided up and given to others in exchange for work and a promise to fight for the landowner

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10
Q

edict of 1635

A

orders the closing of Japan and they go into a period of Isolationism (wanted to eliminate foreign influence from Japan including Christianity)

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11
Q

What led to the Enlightenment era?

A

during the scientific revolution, people began to question who was in charge which was the Church. This then lead to people questioning the government, people wanted a change in government.

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12
Q

Scientific revolution

A

a series of rapid scientific advancements that occurred in Western Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries

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13
Q

John Locke

A

Enlightenment thinker; natural rights of people being life, liberty, and property. He wrote two treaties of government - consent of the governed

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14
Q

Natural Rights

A

Rights that all people are born with

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15
Q

Montesquieu

A

Enlightenment thinker; separation of powers - three branches of government so no one branch holds all the power

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16
Q

Rousseau

A

Enlightenment thinker; Social contract theory - contract between the people and the government

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17
Q

Social contract

A

An agreement between the people and government; if the government fails to meet the needs of the people, they can overthrow the government

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18
Q

Voltaire

A

Believes in freedom of expression. Influences monarchs like Catherine the Great of Russian to be an “Enlightened Despot” which is the incorporation of some reforms as long as they didn’t threaten the social order of their power

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19
Q

Mary Wollenstonecraft

A

One of the first Women to fight for women’s equality and rights

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20
Q

Democracy

A

People have say in the government

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21
Q

Absolute Monarchy

A

A king who has absolutely all the power, they typically abuse their power

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22
Q

3rd estate in France

A

The 3rd Estate in France had no say in government, no rights, they were oppressed and paid the taxes for ALL classes/estates including themselves in France

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23
Q

Causes of the French Revolution

A

France was in debt due to King Louis XIV’s poor spending habits, the 3rd estate were extremely poor and were forced to pay ALL the taxes, there was lack of freedom and rights

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24
Q

The 3 Estate System in France:

A

1st Estate: (Clergy-People of the Church)
2nd Estate: (Nobility-Land Owners)
3rd Estate: (Peasants, workers, bourgeoise)

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25
National Assembly
Made up of the 3rd Estate when King Louis XVI locked them out of a meeting
26
Tennis Court Oath
Was a written set of laws
27
Storming of the Bastille
The 3rd Estate stormed h=the prison called the Bastille to steal weapons and commit their first violent act of the French Revolution
28
Declarations of the Rights of Man and Citizens
A written set of laws that gave equal rights to the people and fair taxation (this did not apply to women)
29
Declaration of the rights of women and citizen
Written by Olympe deGouge, declaration that Women would share the same rights as man
30
Reign of Terror
Robespierre became power hungry and cut off 100,000 French people's head. Anyone who he thought wasn't for the revolution or supported the Monarchy was killed by the Guillotine
31
Robespierre
leader of the committee of public safety which kicked King Louis XVI out of power because he was against the monarch
32
The directory in France
a representative government made up of 2 branches
33
Napoleon
Came to power in France by a Coup d'etat (overthrow of the current government), he made himself the emperor
34
Congress of Vienna
A meeting of European Countries after the French Revolution whose goal was to get a balance of power among the European Countries
35
Simon Bolivar
Won independence from the Spanish for several Latin American Countries
36
Haitian Revolution-Toussaint Louverture:
Led the only successful slave revolt in history and gained independence for Haiti
37
nationalism
love for one's country or ethnicity
38
blood and iron
otto von bismarck united Germany using "blood and Iron" (Used war and industrialization to unify Germany)
39
Giuseppe Garibaldi
"the sword", unified Italy through war
40
Camillo di Cavour
"the brains", unintentionally unifies Italy
41
What did nationalism cause in Austria-Hungary?
it caused division due to national groups having a strong sense of pride which pulled the empire apart
42
What did nationalism cause in the Ottoman Empire?
it caused division in the empire due to national groups having a strong sense of pride which pulled the empire apart
43
The agrarian revolution
new farming methods, (seed drill, new vegetables, plow. etc...) led to a surplus of food and they needed less people to work on the farms
44
capitalism
economic system in business owns the means of production
45
adam smith
wrote the wealth of nations, which offered little government interactions/interference with business
46
Laissez-Faire
government does not interfere with business
47
socialism
an economic and political theory advocating collective ownership and democratic control of the means of production, aiming to achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth and resources
48
karl marx and fredrich engels
wrote the communist manifesto and believed in marxism, promoted a classless society and believed the government should own the means of production
49
communist manifesto
written by karl marx and friendrick engels, outlines the historical development of class struggles and advocates for the overthrow of capitalist society by proletarian revolution to establish a classless society
50
communism
government in which a small elite controls all economic and political life
51
impacts of the industrial revolution
child labor laws, reforms, capitalism, labour unions, leads to imperialism, irish potato famine
52
capitalism
private ownership of the means of production (democracy)
53
imperialism
the domination by one country of the political economic, and/or cultural life of another country or region
54
social dawnisim
"survival of the fittest", european whites felt they were the strongest species that was more dominant and it was their job yo help the inferiror races (non-whites)
55
scramble for africa
european nations competed for control of africa
56
berlin conference
meeting held in Germany by Otto Von bismarck and it split up africa among the european powers
57
boer wars
british occupied south africa and the native people, called the boer;s were not happy. the boer's went to war with Britain and Britian won. this setup segregation
58
sepoy rebellion/mutiny
a form of resistance in India, sepoys(Indian soldiers) rose up against the British because they felt their religious beliefs were being violated, the british crushed their rebellion.
59
spheres of influence
china isolated themself because they believed they were nire advanced than others. this had them fall behind and it made it easy for industrilized european nations to come and take what they wanted
60
opium wars
Great Britian vs. China, Britian was selling opium to China, againdt their will. Chinese officials aggresively enforced its laws against opium use and distribution, this got britian mad.
61
treaty of nanking
unfair treaty to end the opium wars. British had more access to points such as hong kong, chinese could not fight the British, chinese had to pay massive debts to Britian
62
commodore matthew perry
forced Japan to end their isolation, and open up their ports to the U.S.A. or they would attack
63
Meiji restoration
rapid industrilization took place in Japan under emperor Meiji to avoid being imperilizied
64
main causes of WW1
militarism- countries build up their armies, improve war technology. alliances - secret alliances were being made. nationalism- love for one;s country, can be unfying or divisive/seperating. Imperliasm- when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation for their resources and labor
65
what was the immediate cause/spark of WW1?
the assination of archduke franz ferdidnand who was in charge of austria was the immediate cause of WW1
66
central powers during WW1
Germany, Austria, Hungary, Ottoman Empire
67
allied powers during WW1
France, Great Britian, Japan, Italy (switched sides), Russia (will drop out), and later the U.S.A. will join
68
league of nations
world peacekeeping organization made up of many countries around the world
69
treaty of versailles
ended WW1, Germany took the blame and had to pay reparations and lost territories
70
bloody Sunday
Nicholas II of Russia feared an uprising and called in Soldiers who shot and killed many of the peaceful protests
71
Bolshevik Revolution
Revolt to overthrow the capitalist system in Russia, red guards joined by the army and navy led by Vladimir Lenin
72
Vladmir Lenin
Unites the people of Russia using the Slogan, "Peace, Land, and Bread." peace meaning leaving WW1, land means land redistribution, bread means feed the starving people
73
Joseph Stalin
takes over the USSR after Lenin dies - power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky (exiled and later assinated)
74
5 year plan
Industrializes Russia and Communism was the goal, the quotas were not met
75
Ukranian Holodomor
"Death by Hunger:, Stalin cut rations of food given to the ukranian people because quotas for the crops were not met
76
the gulag
Brutal labor camps, Stalin sent any suspects of going against the government was sent to the Gulag
77
The great purge
Stalin's own "Reign of Terror", Stalin was afraid of losing power and killed over 4 million of his own people
78
facism
rule of a people by a dictatorial government that is nationalistic and imperialistic, started in Italy
79
Benito Mussolini
was the fascist leaders in Italy
80
Adolf Hitler
Was the fascist leader in Germany
81
causes of WW2
unresolved issues from the treaty of Versailles, the League of Nations was weak
82
rape of nanjing
Japanese militarists brutually took over the capital of China, Nanjing
83
Appeasement
nations gave in to aggressive demands to maintain peace
84
munich pact
Great Britian, France, and Germany sign an agreement that gave in to Hitler's demands by having him sign a pact that he'll never take lands again
85
how does WW2 start?
when Germany invades Poland on September 1st 1939
86
Potsdam Conference
An agreement between the allies to split up Germany
87
Glasnot
openers in USSR, freedom of aggression
88
Perestroika
Political and economic resorts in the USSR to jump start their economy
89
Tiananmen Square
the people of China; mostly students, were tired of their Communist government, and protest peacefully against Communism. They were killed by their own government
90
Nelson Mandela
leader of the ANC, non-violent protests
91
Kwame Nkrumha
promotes decolonization, terms orginaziation of African Unity. Protests for indepedence in Ghana
92
Jomo Kenyatta
helps Kenya gain their indepdence from Britian; violent rebellion
93
Pan Africanmism
Promoted nationalist movements in Africa
94
Ho Chi Min
Vietnamemese revutionary, communist (North Vietnam) Ngo Dioh Dien controls south vietnam and forms a democracy
95
Geneva Conference
ends vietnam war and divides vietnam between communist side and non-democractic side
96
Kemal Atuturk
united and helped turkey gain their indepdence
97
Sun yat sen
overthrow the Qing Dynasty
98
Mao Zedong
Chinese communist leader that formed and the chinese cultural revolution
99
The Great Leap Forward
industrial and agricultural reforms in China, famine, forced labor, deaths
100
Cultural Revolution
Chaotic time led by Mao Zedong where many people were persecuted, society was disrupted and the economy suffered
101
Deng Xiaoping
transformed China's economy using the Four Modernizations but kept up with a more communist form of government that limited human rights
102
four modernizations
led by deng xiaoping - modernize farming, expand industry, promote science and technology and improve military

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