Global Health Flashcards
what is the under 5 mortality rate?
the probability of a child dying before reaching the age of 5
what is the infant mortality rate?
the probability of a child dying before reaching the age of 1
what is the neonatal mortality rate?
the probability of a child dying before reaching the age of 1 month
what is a live birth?
one where there is any sign of life after birth, regardless of gestation
what is one of the leading causes of mortality for children?
pneumonia
name four causes of pneumonia in children
strep pneumonia
h influenza
RSV
pneumocystis jivroci
what is another name for pneumocystis jivrocii?
PCP
what are four risk factors for childhood pneumonia?
malnutrition
over crowding
indoor air pollution
parental smoking
how can pneumonia be prevented?
vaccines
breastfeeding
good hygiene
what is given to HIV positive children to protect against PCP?
daily cotrimoxazole
what commonly causes diarrhoea?
water or food contaminated with faeces
how is diarrhoea managed?
oral rehydration solution (ORS)
zinc supplements
name two common causes for diarrhoea
e coli
rotavirus
how do most children with HIV get the disease?
mother to child transmission
when is HIV transmitted from mother to child?
pregnancy
delivery
breastfeeding
how can mother to child transmission of HIV be prevented?
maternal ART
screen and treat other STDs
infant prophylaxis for 6 weeks
what is ART?
anti retroviral therapy
what is the diagnostic test for HIV in someone <18 months?
virological PCR for HIV DNA/RNA
what is the diagnostic test for HIV in someone >18 months?
serological rapid antibody test
how is HIV staged?
based on CD4 count or viral load
what is the management for HIV in someone under 3?
two NRTI’s
one NNRTI
what is the management for HIV in someone over 3?
two NRTI’s
protease inhibitor
name an NRTI
abacavir
what is an NRTI?
nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
what is an NNRTI?
non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
name a NNRTI
efavirenz
name a protease inhibitor
kaletra
how does TB present?
chronic cough or fever
night sweats
lymphadenopathy
how is TB managed?
two months RIPE
four months RI
how can TB be prevented?
BCG
what causes malaria?
Plasmodium parasite from female anopheles mosquito
what parasite causes the most severe malaria?
p falciparum
how is malaria diagnosed?
blood film for microscopy
how does malaria present?
fever
pallor
malaise
how is malaria managed?
ACT for 3 days
what is ACT?
artemisinin based combination therapy
how should severe malaria be managed?
treat with IM/IV artesunpte until they can tolerate oral
