Attachment and Temperament Flashcards
what is the most important predictor of personality development?
a child’s early relationship with their primary caregiver
what are the four stages of attachment?
asocial stage
indiscriminate attachment
specific attachment
multiple attachment
when is the asocial stage of attachment?
0-6 weeks
what happens in the asocial stage of attachment?
smiling and crying that is not directed at specific people
when does indiscriminate attachment happen?
6 weeks - 7 months
what happens in indiscriminate attachment?
attention is sought from different individuals
no fear of strangers
when does specific attachment happen?
7 - 11 months
what happens during specific attachment?
strong attachments to one individual
develop separation and stranger anxiety
when does multiple attachments occur?
after 11 months
what happens during multiple attachments?
attachments to others as well as parents
what are the three main styles of attachment?
secure
insecure avoidant
insecure ambivalent/resistant
what type of attachment also exists that is a combination of the main types?
disorganised
what is the study for attachment that is done?
the strange situation
what does the strange situation determine?
what type of attachment style an infant has
what age group is the strange situation used for?
12-18 months
what are the eight stages of the strange situation?
- mother, infant and stranger
- mother and infant alone
- stranger joins
- mother leaves
- mother returns and stranger leaves
- mother leaves, infant alone
- stranger returns
- mother returns and stranger leaves
what is the most common attachment style?
secure
what happens in the strange situation if a child has secure attachment?
distressed when mother leaves
friendly to stranger when mother present
happy when mother returns
what happens in the strange situation if a child has ambivalent attachment?
distress when mother leaves
fear of the stranger
approaches mother when she returns but resists contact
cries more than others
what happens in the strange situation if a child has avoidant attachment?
no distress when mother leaves
fine with the stranger
not interested when the mother returns
what does it mean if a person is a secure base?
the attachment figure provides a safe space from which to explore the world
what does it mean if a person is a safe haven?
they are a safe place to retreat to in times of danger or anxiety
what is attunement?
the process between the caregiver and infant where they can tune into each others emotional states
