Global Health

Question 1

What approach is used by the United Nations to quantify development?

Answer 1

Human development index

Question 2

What type of value is the HDI?

Answer 2

Composite continuous value between 0.001 and 0.999

Question 3

What is the HDI?

Answer 3

Based on knowledge, healthy life and standard of living

Question 4

Outline examples of countries associated with a very high HDI?

Answer 4

Norway
Ireland
Switzerland

Question 5

What countries are associated with a high HDI?

Answer 5

Seychelles
Albania
Trinidad and Tobago

Question 6

What countries are associated with a medium HDI?

Answer 6

Kyrgyzstan, Morocco and Guyana

Question 7

What countries are associated with a low HDI?

Answer 7

Benin, Mauritania and Uganda

Question 8

What is global health?

Answer 8

An area of study, research, practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving health equity for all people worldwide

Question 9

What is a third word nation?

Answer 9

In the era of the Cold War, countries that were aligned with NATO were deemed first world. Countries aligned with the USSR were considered second world. This term was originally intended to denote non-aligned national state actors.

Question 10

What is a less economically developed country?

Answer 10

A term that has been vaguely used to categorise countries on then basis of their gross national income (GNI). This term has now been removed from routine use by the World Bank

Question 11

What is an emerging market?

Answer 11

An economic term suggesting that a country is about to engage with global markets

This term remains commonly used in business with pharmaceutical companies often using it to describe multiple countries where business opportunities are anticipated

Question 12

What are the 17 sustainable development goals from the United Nations?

Answer 12

No poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being, quality education, gender quality, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, life on land, peace, justice and strong institutions, partnerships for the goals, industry, innovation and infrastructure

Question 13

What is maternal death?

Answer 13

Death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy… from any cause by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.

Question 14

What is maternal mortality?

Answer 14

Maternal mortality is one of the most important global health indicators of a country’s health and wellbeing. Almost 300,000 women die each year from maternity-related causes, of which more than 95% are in LMICs. India and Nigeria accounted for 19% and 14% of maternal deaths globally in 2010.

Question 15

What is the maternal mortality ratio?

Answer 15

Maternal mortality ratio is the epidemiological indicator commonly used. It is calculated as the number of deaths divided by the number of live births (in the same period) per 100,000 live births.

Question 16

What is a system wide indicator of both a health system and development?

Answer 16

Maternal mortality ratio

Question 17

What is used as a proxy measure of baseline health status among women of childbearing age?

Answer 17

Maternal mortality ratio

Question 18

What is the global south?

Answer 18

Denotes countries where income tends to be low and economies are recently Industrialising.

Question 19

Which countries are not considered to be Global South Countries?

Answer 19

Australia and New Zealand

Question 20

What does WASH mean in terms of Global Health?

Answer 20

Water: Safe water for drinking, washing and domestic activities

Sanitation: Safe removal of wave (including toilets and waste disposal)

Hygiene: A range of so-called health promotion activities that encourage protective healthy behaviour practices

Question 21

What proportion and number of people lack access to safely managed water?

Answer 21

• 2.1 billion (30%) lack access to safely managed water

Question 22

What number and proportion of people lack access to effective sanitation?

Answer 22

• 4.5 billion (60%) lack access to effective sanitation

Question 23

What are the globally prevalent WASH-related diseases?

Answer 23

Diarrhoea, Malaria, Trachoma, Hep A, Intestinal helminths

Question 24

What are the preventions that can reduce the risk of diarrhoea?

Answer 24

• Improved water supply is known to reduce diarrhoea morbidity by between 6-25%
• If severe, improved sanitation reduces diarrhoea morbidity by 32%
• Hygiene interventions for example hygiene education and promotion can lead to reduction of diarrhoea cases by up to 45%

Question 25

How has the UN made access to water a human right?

Answer 25

• Between 50-100 litres of water per person per day are needed to ensure the most basic needs
• The water source has to be within 1km from home
• Water cost should not cost more than 3% of household income
• Collection time should not exceed 30 mins

Question 26

Which organisation has the ability to declare an epidemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern?

Answer 26

WHO

Question 27

Why do the international health regulations matter?

Answer 27

Health threats have no borders 
Travel and trade made safer 
Global health security is enhances 
Daily threats are kept under control 
All sectors benefit