Global Health Flashcards
What approach is used by the United Nations to quantify development?
Human development index
What type of value is the HDI?
Composite continuous value between 0.001 and 0.999
What is the HDI?
Based on knowledge, healthy life and standard of living
Outline examples of countries associated with a very high HDI?
Norway
Ireland
Switzerland
What countries are associated with a high HDI?
Seychelles
Albania
Trinidad and Tobago
What countries are associated with a medium HDI?
Kyrgyzstan, Morocco and Guyana
What countries are associated with a low HDI?
Benin, Mauritania and Uganda
What is global health?
An area of study, research, practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving health equity for all people worldwide
What is a third word nation?
In the era of the Cold War, countries that were aligned with NATO were deemed first world. Countries aligned with the USSR were considered second world. This term was originally intended to denote non-aligned national state actors.
What is a less economically developed country?
A term that has been vaguely used to categorise countries on then basis of their gross national income (GNI). This term has now been removed from routine use by the World Bank
What is an emerging market?
An economic term suggesting that a country is about to engage with global markets
This term remains commonly used in business with pharmaceutical companies often using it to describe multiple countries where business opportunities are anticipated
What are the 17 sustainable development goals from the United Nations?
No poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being, quality education, gender quality, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, life on land, peace, justice and strong institutions, partnerships for the goals, industry, innovation and infrastructure
What is maternal death?
Death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy… from any cause by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
What is maternal mortality?
Maternal mortality is one of the most important global health indicators of a country’s health and wellbeing. Almost 300,000 women die each year from maternity-related causes, of which more than 95% are in LMICs. India and Nigeria accounted for 19% and 14% of maternal deaths globally in 2010.
What is the maternal mortality ratio?
Maternal mortality ratio is the epidemiological indicator commonly used. It is calculated as the number of deaths divided by the number of live births (in the same period) per 100,000 live births.
What is a system wide indicator of both a health system and development?
Maternal mortality ratio
What is used as a proxy measure of baseline health status among women of childbearing age?
Maternal mortality ratio
What is the global south?
Denotes countries where income tends to be low and economies are recently Industrialising.
Which countries are not considered to be Global South Countries?
Australia and New Zealand
What does WASH mean in terms of Global Health?
Water: Safe water for drinking, washing and domestic activities
Sanitation: Safe removal of wave (including toilets and waste disposal)
Hygiene: A range of so-called health promotion activities that encourage protective healthy behaviour practices
What proportion and number of people lack access to safely managed water?
• 2.1 billion (30%) lack access to safely managed water
What number and proportion of people lack access to effective sanitation?
• 4.5 billion (60%) lack access to effective sanitation
What are the globally prevalent WASH-related diseases?
Diarrhoea, Malaria, Trachoma, Hep A, Intestinal helminths
What are the preventions that can reduce the risk of diarrhoea?
- Improved water supply is known to reduce diarrhoea morbidity by between 6-25%
- If severe, improved sanitation reduces diarrhoea morbidity by 32%
- Hygiene interventions for example hygiene education and promotion can lead to reduction of diarrhoea cases by up to 45%
How has the UN made access to water a human right?
- Between 50-100 litres of water per person per day are needed to ensure the most basic needs
- The water source has to be within 1km from home
- Water cost should not cost more than 3% of household income
- Collection time should not exceed 30 mins
Which organisation has the ability to declare an epidemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern?
WHO
Why do the international health regulations matter?
Health threats have no borders Travel and trade made safer Global health security is enhances Daily threats are kept under control All sectors benefit
