Glands of digestion Flashcards
What organ lies inferior to liver - bulk of which is a body and contains a cystic duct that connects to a narrow neck
gallbladder
What is the function of gallbladder
store and concentrate bile (can hold ~70 mL)
What is the difference between hepatic bile and cystic bile
Hepatic = primary bile (from liver) Cystic = concentrated bile (in gallbladder)
What hormone controls secretion of bile
CCK (and vagus n.)
What is the surface epithelium of mucosa in gallbladder
simple columnar
Clear cells (cholangiocytes) in the mucosa of the gallbladder have many what? What is the their function?
Many microvilli
Absorb water
What do brush cells in the gallbladder do? Are there many of them?
Produce mucinogen
few in number
True or false; the lamina propria of the gallbladder is loose and very vascular
true
True or false; a muscularis mucosa is absent in the gallbladder
true
What is very unique about the submucosa of the gallbladder
It is ABSENT!
True or false; the muscularis externa of gallbladder has a normal pattern
false - not normal patter - thin smooth muscle layer with disorganized muscle arrangement
Is the gallbladder mostly serosa or adventitia
serosa but some adventitia where it attaches to liver
True or false; the pancreas has an exocrine and endocrine function
true
What is the endocrine process of the pancreas
islets of langerhans producing hormones
What is the exocrine process of the pancreas
serous acini producing digestive enzymes
True or false; the largest portion of the pancreas is exocrine portion
true
The secretion of the exocrine portion of the pancreas (serous acini) is controlled by what?
CCK an ACH from parasymp. nerves
What controls secretion of water and bicarb from pancreatic ducts
secretin and ACH from parasymp nerves
The centroacinar cells (which are located next to acinar cells) along with cuboid cells in the intercalated pancreatic ducts release what into where?
Release alkaline fluid (bicarb) into duodenum to buffer stomach chyme
What is the function of the collagen rich ct. wrapping pancreatic duct?
Provide extra protection from digestive enzymes leaking
What is the largest gland in the body with exocrine and endocrine function?
Liver
True or false; on top of metabolism of lipids, carbs and proteins - production of blood protein - detoxifying - and hepatic bile production - the liver also stores vitamin A and B12
true
What is the shape of classic liver lobules?
Hexagonal
Microvilliated cuboidal cells (in columns) possessing lateral bile canaliculi best describes what cell?
Hepatocytes
What is the most common cell type of liver
hepatocyte
How does bile move from hepatocytes
towards bile duct branch through the portal triad
What is the arrangement of hepatocytes?
In rows between hepatic sinusoids like spokes of a wheel
What are Kupffer cells?
Resident macrophages (develop from monocytes)
What is the function of Kupffer cells?
Phagocytosis of debris (antigen presentation)
True or false; Kupffer cells are stellate macrophages in liver
true
What is another name for Ito cells?
Hepatic stellate cells (lipocytes)
What is the function of ito cells (hepatic stellate cells)
Strore lipids for immediate use (store vitamin A) - produce collagen 1,3,4 and growth factors
What are Pit cells?
Natural killer cells of liver - hepatic progenitor cells
What is another name for a hepatic progenitor cell?
Pit cell
The portal triad includes branches of what?
Hepatic artery
portal vein
bile duct
lymph vessels
Dilated, fenestrated thin walled vessels found between the rows of hepatocytes best describes what cell?
Hepatic sinusoids
What is the percentages of venous vs. arterial blood carried in the hepatic sinusoids
75% venous
25% arterial
Fenestrated thin walled vessel that collects blood from the hepatic sinusoids best describes what?
Central vein
What is another name for the space of Disse?
Perisinusoidal space
What is the space of Disse?
Space between hepatocytes and fenestrated hepatic sinusoids - blood can directly contact microvilliated surfaces of the hepatocytes (nutrients)
True or false; the space of Disse is why the liver can take over the function of the spleen if need be
true - flow of blood slows enough so cells can interact with blood and its contents
What is Glisson’s capsule?
dense irregular ct. covered with serosa in liver