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Organ histology > Circulatory Cells > Flashcards

Circulatory Cells Flashcards

1
Q

True or false; the circulatory system consists of the cardiovascular system and lymphatic system

A

true; (Broken into 3 parts heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels)

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2
Q

Is the endocardium of the heart thick or thin?

A

fairly thin

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3
Q

How many layers does the endocardium of the heart have? What are their names?

A

4: Endothelium, Looser Ct. layer & Dense regular Ct. layer (together make sub-endothelium), Sub-endocardial layer

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4
Q

The endothelium of the endocardium is made of what kind of cells

A

simple squamous

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5
Q

The looser Ct. layer of the endocardium is made of what kind of Ct.?

A

fibroelastic Ct.

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6
Q

The dense regular Ct. layer of the endocardium is composed of what 3 things?

A

Collagen 1, elastic fibers, some smooth muscle

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7
Q

True or false; most of the sub-endocardial layer of the endocardium is purkinje fibers (specialized cardiac myocytes)

A

true

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8
Q

Would you find blood vessels and nerves in the sub-endocardial layer of the endocardium?

A

yes

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9
Q

What is the function of the purkinje fibers in the sub-endothelial layer of the endocardium

A

transmit contraction impulse rapidly (attached via gap junctions)

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10
Q

True or false; the ventricle of the myocardium has less cardiac muscle then atria and is full of elastic fibers

A

false; other way around

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11
Q

What would you find in the longitudinal portion of an intercalated disc?

A

Large gap junctions (massive ion flow)

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12
Q

True or false; the transverse portion of an intercalated disc has macula adherents (desmosomes), fascia adherents, and small gap junctions

A

true

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13
Q

What are the 3 functions of intercalated discs

A

Cell to cell communication (ion flow-longitudinal portion)

Attach cardiac muscle

Stabilize myofibrils

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14
Q

What is the function of the specialized cardiac muscle cells Myoendocrine cells? What is the target organ they are influencing?

A

Function: secrete hormones into surrounding capillaries

target: Kidneys (fluid and electrolyte balance) or Small artery (relax tunica media to decrease BP)

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15
Q

What produces the serous fluid that accumulates in the pericardial cavity

A

Serous pericardium

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16
Q

True or false; the epicardium = visceral pericardium

A

true

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17
Q

The Epicardium or Visceral pericardium contains a sub-epicardial layer of fibroelastic Ct. containing what?

A

Coronary vessels
Nerves
and sometimes adipose tissue - (adds stress to heart beat)

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18
Q

What secretes a serous lubricating fluid in the Epicardium or Visceral pericardium

A

The mesothelium

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19
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Serous Pericardium

A

Epicardium and Partietal pericardium

20
Q

True or false; the Parietal pericardium contains a mesothelium (secreting serous fluid) and a layer of fibroelastic Ct.

A

true

21
Q

What two components make up the pericardial sac

A

Parietal pericardium and fibrous pericardium

22
Q

What kind of collagen primarily makes up the fibrous pericardium

A

type 1

23
Q

What makes up the boarders of the pericardial cavity? And how much fluid can it hold

A

Between Parietal pericardium and Epicardium (Visceral Pericardium)

Can hold ~15-50 mL

24
Q

True or false; Dense irregular ct. has many collagen 1 and elastic fibers and is almost always Avascular

A

true

25
Q

What kind of ct. makes up the cardiac skeleton

A

dense irregular ct.

26
Q

True or false; the tunica media of muscular arteries is primarily composed of smooth muscle and richly innervated by SNS

A

true

27
Q

What is the smallest of artery types

A

arterioles

28
Q

True or false; both muscular arteries and arterioles contain a thin tunica intima, thick tunica media, and fibroelastic tunica adventitia

A

true

29
Q

What happens to the number of elastic laminae in elastic arteries as you age?

A

increases

30
Q

What happens to muscular arteries as you age?

A

Collagen 1 and proteoglycans increase after middle age

resulting in decrease in flexibility (coronary vessels greatly affected)

31
Q

Hypertension (increase in systolic BP) can occur around middle age which causes what in arteries

A

elastic fibers decrease and are replaced by collagen 1 (adds stiffness)

32
Q

True or false; atherosclerosis typically occurs in the smallest of arteries

A

false; typically in largest

33
Q

What blood vessels are the “over flow prevention system”

A

Metarterioles

34
Q

What blood vessels are the “by-pass system”

A

AVA = arteriovenous anastomosis = AV shunt (richly innervated)

35
Q

What happens if an AVA (AV shunt) is closed? What about open?

A

Closed - blood into capillary bed

Open - blood diverted from capillary bed

36
Q

True or false; Metarterioles, AVA’s, Pre-capillary sphincters, and size of terminal arteriole lumen are all functions determining blood flow into capillaries

A

true

37
Q

What is the most common capillary type?

A

Continuous capillaries

38
Q

What kind of capillaries would you find in pancreas, intestines, or endocrine organs

A

fenestrated capillaries

39
Q

What kind of capillaries would you find in bone marrow, liver, spleen, lymphatic organs, and some endocrine organs

A

sinusoidal capillaries

40
Q

How are veins similar to arteries in structure? How do they differ?

A

Similar - have 3 tunicas

Different- not as uniform (no smooth muscle) - often larger lumen

41
Q

True or false; valves of veins are strong and thick

A

false; thin and delicate

42
Q

Do venules of veins play a role in inflammation?

A

yes; incomplete tunica media allows products of inflammation through to loosen endothelial cell junctions

43
Q

What are 2 major differences between continuous blood capillaries and lymphatic vessels

A

Lymphatics are blind ended and no pericytes

44
Q

True or false; pericytes are numerous on capillaries and venules

A

true

45
Q

What is major function of pericytes

A

healing

Organ histology (10 decks)

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