Glands & Connective tissue

Question 1

endocrine gland

Answer 1

use blood stream

Question 2

exocrine gland

Answer 2

use ducts

Question 3

merocrine

Answer 3

exocytosis, sweat gland
-lacrimal glands, sweat glands (even axillary & inguinal)

Question 4

holocrine

Answer 4

whole cell undergoes apoptosis, into a duct
-meibomian, zeis, sebaceous glands (ei, ei, eo)

Question 5

apocrine

Answer 5

cell product is surrounded by thin membrane and secreted into ducts
- mammary glands, glands of moll, axillary & inguinal sweat glands

Question 6

gland classification

Answer 6

• simple or compound
• simple or branched
  -acinar, tubular or coiled tubular

Question 7

dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 7

cells are sparse
- in reticular dermis, submucosa (intestines, stomach, esophagus)

Question 8

dense regular connective tissue

Answer 8

tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses

Question 9

loose irregular connective tissue

Answer 9

collagen is thin & sparse
-papillary dermis & hypodermis

Question 10

type I collagen

Answer 10

loose and dense connective tissue

Question 11

type II collagen

Answer 11

cartilage, and vitreous

Question 12

type IV collagen

Answer 12

basement membrane

Question 13

type V collagen

Answer 13

bone

Question 14

collagen make up

Answer 14

triple helix

Question 15

collagen fibril make up

Answer 15

several triple helices

Question 16

what breaks down collagen

Answer 16

matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)

Question 17

elastin fibers make up

Answer 17

core of elastin w/ outer fibrillin microfibrils

Question 18

what stains elastic fibers black

Answer 18

orcein & resorcin-fuchsin

Question 19

reticular fibers

Answer 19

found at junction of epithelium & connective tissue
-mainly type III collagen

Question 20

what stains reticular fibers

Answer 20

periodic acid-schiff (PAS)

Question 21

extracellular matrix make up

Answer 21

collagen, elastic fibers, ground substance

Question 22

ground substance make up

Answer 22

GAGs: unbranched polysaccharide
glycoproteins: multi-adhesive
proteoglycans: protein core & GAGs

Question 23

adipocytes

Answer 23

fat cells

Question 24

fibroblasts

Answer 24

make collagen, make ground substance

Question 25

macrophages

Answer 25

immune response

Question 26

mast cells

Answer 26

allergies

Question 27

langerhans’ cell histiocytosis

Answer 27

proliferation of histiocytes in eyelid

Question 28

white adipose tissue

Answer 28

hormone secretion, useful for energy stores

Question 29

brown adipose tissue

Answer 29

protects against heat lost, thermogenesis, found in babies, surrounds some internal organs

Question 30

ehlers-danlos syndrome

Answer 30

defect in collagen synthesis, lens & retina complications associated

Question 31

marfan syndromes

Answer 31

mutation in fibrillin, causes skeletal, cardiac, and ocular abnormalities

Question 32

pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Answer 32

mineralization of elastic tissue, causes changes in retina

Question 33

angloid streaks

Answer 33

breaks in the elastic layer of bruch’s membrane

caused by PEPSI Max: paget’s disease, ehler’s danlos syndrome, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, sickle cell disease, idiopathic, marfan’s syndrome

Question 34

fibromatoses

Answer 34

proliferation of fibroblasts
gardner syndrome
- CHRPE
- familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)