Cellular Organelles Flashcards
study for midterm 1
Plasma membrane
passive and active transport
Functions of integral proteins in plasma membrane
channels, enzymes, linkers, pumps, receptors, and structural
endocytosis
into the cell
exocytosis
out of the cell, SNARE proteins required for docking
Botulinum toxin
prevents formation of SNARE complexes
lysosomes
digestive organelles that break down various substances
Tay Sachs disease
lysosomes fail to degrade products, causes swelling in the retina
Proteasomes
degrade proteins w/o lysosomes
mRNA
DNA transcribed to RNA
tRNA
codes for AA’s
rRNA
make up the ribosomes
ribosomes
site for transcription
buy AT 30, CELL for 50
drugs that prevent bacteria ribosome function
against 30S
aminoglycosides & tetracyclines
against 50S
chloramphenicol, erythromycin, lincosamides (lincomycin)
Rough ER
make proteins, contain ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
functions in post-translational modification & transport (amazon)
sarcoplasmic reticulum
stores calcium, and detoxification in liver
mitochondria
generate ATP for the cell, decides if cell undergoes apoptosis
Mitochondrial disorders
Leber’s hereditary optic atrophy & Kearns Sayre syndrome
Peroxisomes
break down hydrogen peroxide, detoxification of alcohol in liver
non-membranous organelles
microtubules, actin filaments, intermediate filaments
microtubules
attachment of chromosomes to mitotic spindle & makes up mitotic spindle
centrioles
nine microtubule triplets, forms mitotic spindle poles, provides basal bodies for cilia
actin filaments
core of microvilli, and locomotion of cells
intermediate filaments
support and structure
lipofuscin
aging pigment, high in dying & cancer cells
hemosiderin
iron remnants
ocular siderosis
iron deposits in eye,
