Gladstones first (reforming) ministry 1868-74 as liberal PM

Question 1

what was Gladstonian Liberalism?

Answer 1

Gladstones ideals:
 Christian morals – had a moral attitude towards politics.
 Equality of opportunity and the abolition of privilege
 Efficient and active government
 Free trade and retrenchment of gov expenditure.
 Foreign affairs – favoured a policy of peace

Question 2

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) forsters act of 1870?
(social)

Answer 2

created a dual system were school boards were created to create state schools where there where no church schools for children aged 5-12 this created national net work of schools first time gov takes responsibility for education
> erosion of privilege

Question 3

when was Gladstones forsters act?
(social)

Answer 3

1870

Question 4

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) university tests act of 1871?
(social)

Answer 4

allowed non-Anglicans to take up teaching posts at universities + to qualify for grants
> erosion of privilege

Question 5

when was Gladstones university test act?
(social)

Answer 5

1871

Question 6

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) Army Enlistment Act of 1870?
(army administration)

Answer 6

• shortened enlistment periods
• popular with lower ranks (wc) as less commitment
• higher ranks opposed bc inexperienced soldiers
  >Efficient and active government

Question 7

when was Gladstones Army Enlistment Act?

Answer 7

1870

Question 8

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) Purchasing of Commissions Act, 1870?
(army administration)

Answer 8

• stopped the purchase of ranks in the army but based on merit only.
• unpopular with the aristocracy, had to be passed by royal warrant as opposed in HOL
  > Efficient and active government

Question 9

when was Gladstones Purchasing of Commissions Act?

Answer 9

1870

Question 10

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) Trade Union Act of 1871?
(social)

Answer 10

legalised trade unions + had the right to strike.
> effective gov/equal opportunities

Question 11

when was Gladstones Trade Union Act?

Answer 11

1871

Question 12

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1871?
(social)

Answer 12

• counteracted 1st trade union act to apease MC (business owners) electorate.
• made picketing illegal (persuading people to strike) making unions inefficient
• stated no intimidation allowed court always favoured against trade unionists

Question 13

when was Gladstones (1st ministry) Criminal Law Amendment Act?

Answer 13

1871

Question 14

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) ballot act 1872?
(political)

Answer 14

• introduced secret ballot
• bribery & intimidation still remained
• radical support as can vote freely
• aristocrats & Torys opposed bc wanted to keep control
  > Efficient and active gov/equal opportunity

Question 15

when was Gladstones ballot act?

Answer 15

1872

Question 16

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) licensing reform act 1872?

Answer 16

• magistrates could fix opening and closing times of pubs and to check on the adulteration of beer.
• viewed as attack on WC, brewers & publicans
  > christian morals: saw drunkenness as a sin

Question 17

when was Gladstones licensing reform?

Answer 17

1872

Question 18

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) Supreme Court of Judicature Act, 1873?
(administrative)

Answer 18

• made judicial system more efficient by simplifying no. of courts
  > efficient gov

Question 19

when was Gladstones (1st ministry) The Supreme Court of Judicature Act?

Answer 19

1873

Question 20

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) Irish church act 1869?
(religious)

Answer 20

• disestablished CoE authority in Ireland
• opposed in HOL erosion of privrlege
• popular in ireland as high amount of Catholics
  > loss of privilege equal opportunities

Question 21

when was Gladstones (1st ministry) Irish church act?

Answer 21

1869

Question 22

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) Irish Land Act, 1870?
(social)

Answer 22

• simiar to peels devon commision
• tenants who had made improvements to the land, would receive compensation if they were evicted
• was a failure as could be avoided by landlord by raising rent so high as the tenant could no longer afford.

Question 23

when was Gladstones (1st ministry) Irish Land Act?
(social)

Answer 23

1870

Question 24

what was Gladstones (1st ministry) Irish Universities Bill, 1873?
(social)

Answer 24

• non-denominational University of Dublin meant Catholics and Protestant studying in the same institution together.
• opposed by the Irish Catholic Church and was defeated in HOC
• so unpopular Gladstone resigns

Question 25

when was Gladstones (1st ministry) Irish Universities Bill?
(social)

Answer 25

1873

Question 26

how does E. J. Feuchtwanger describe Gladstones attack on privilege and the promotion of meritocracy (1st ministry)?

Answer 26

“in terms of legislative achievement, the government was to become one of the greatest of the 19 th century”.