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GIS Flashcards

1
Q

It combines location and information about the location

A

Geographic Information System (GIS)

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2
Q

Ability to analyze information

A

Geographic Information System (GIS)

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3
Q

Analyze as many layers of information at once

A

Geographic Information System (GIS)

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4
Q

Can overlay different spatial information at once

A

Geographic Information System (GIS)

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5
Q

Information associated with underlying geography, or description of location

A

Spatial Information

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6
Q

science that deals with the construction, use, and principles behind maps and map use

A

Cartography

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7
Q

imaginary lines that runs horizontally

A

Latitude

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8
Q

________________ are numbered from 0 to 90 north and south

A

Degrees latitude

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9
Q

The ______________ is the imaginary line that divides the north and south hemisphere

A

equator

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10
Q

also known as parallels since they are parallel and are equal distant from each other (69 miles or 111km apart)

A

Latitude

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11
Q

Imaginary lines that runs vertically and also known as meridians

A

Longitude

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12
Q

They converge at the poles and are widest at the equator (69miles or 111 km apart)

A

Longitude

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13
Q

0 degree refers to ____________ located at Greenwich England and continues 180 degrees east and west where they meet and form the International Date line in the Pacific Ocean

A

Prime Meridian

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14
Q

is the key to read a map

A

Map Legend

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15
Q

It provides essential information for the map reader

A

Map Legend

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16
Q

Ratio between distance on a paper map and distance of the same stretch in actual terrain

A

Map Scale

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17
Q

The accuracy with which a given map scale can depict the location and shape of map features

A

Resolution

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18
Q

The ______________ the map scale, the higher the possible resolution

A

smaller

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19
Q

plays a large role in GIS especially in raster - based modelling

A

Resolution

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20
Q

the minimum size of objects that can be detected by a sensor system

A

Spatial Resolution

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21
Q

used to portray all or part of the round earth (3D) on a flat surface (2D) map

A

Map Projection

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22
Q

All map projections _________ the surface in some fashion

A

Distort

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23
Q

A map or parts of a map can show one or more, but never all of the following:

A
  1. True Directions
  2. True Distances
  3. True Areas
  4. True Shapes
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24
Q

Longitudes equally spaced

A

Cylindrical Projection

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25
Q

Latitudes unequally spaced

A

Cylindrical Projection

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26
Q

Scales is true along equator

A

Cylindrical Projection

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27
Q

Shape and scale distortions increase near poles

A

Cylindrical Projection

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28
Q

Shows true direction

A

Cylindrical Projection

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29
Q

Universal Traverse Mercator

A

Cylindrical Projection

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30
Q

Result from projecting a spherical surface onto a cone

A

Conic Projection

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31
Q

Best for mid-latitudes with an East- West orientation like Canada

A

Conic Projection

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32
Q

Result from projecting a spherical surface onto a plane

A

Azimuthal (Planar) Projection

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33
Q

Best for Polar or Circular Regions

A

Azimuthal (Planar) Projection

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34
Q

Direction always true from center

A

Azimuthal (Planar) Projection

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35
Q

enable geographic datasets to use common locations for integration

A

Coordinate System

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36
Q

used to represent the locations of geographic features, imagery, and observations such as GPS locations within a common geographic framework

A

Reference System

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37
Q

a combination of factors; ellipsoid, geoid, datum, coordinate system and projection that identify a point on a sphere and on a two dimensional representation of the sphere

A

Spatial Reference Framework

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38
Q

the science of measuring the earth

A

Geodesy

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39
Q

the science of identifying and measuring specific locations on the earth

A

Surveying

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40
Q

a mathematical model of the size and shape of the earth

A

Ellipsoid

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41
Q

slightly non-spherical object, but not necessarily mathematically definable

A

Spheroid

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42
Q

a theoretical surface generally defined as mean sea level

A

Geoid

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43
Q

used as the basis for a vertical datum and as a reference for a horizontal datum

A

Geoid

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44
Q

a spheroid used as an (X,Y) reference to all points on the real globe

A

Horizontal Datum

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45
Q

level surface to which heights (elevation) are referenced

A

Vertical Datum

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46
Q

A global or spherical coordinate system such as latitude - longitude. These are often referred to as ______________________

A

Geographic Coordinate Systems

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47
Q

based on a map projection such as transverse Mercator, which provide various mechanisms to project maps of the earth’s spherical surface onto a two-dimensional Cartesian Coordinate Plane

A

Projected coordinate system

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48
Q

a geodetic datum first defined in 1911 and is suitable for use in Philippines - onshore

A

Luzon 1911

49
Q

Luzon 1911 references the ______________ and the Greenwich Prime Meridian

A

Clarke 1866 ellipsoid

50
Q

Luzon 1911
Origin is Fundamental point: _______________
Latitude: 13” 33’ 41.000’’ north,
Longitude: 121” 52’ 03.000” E ( of Greenwich)

A

Hinanggayon, Marinduque

51
Q

A geodetic Datum for Topographic Mapping

A

Luzon 1911

52
Q

was defined by Information from Coast and Geodetic Survey Replaced by Philippine Reference System of 1992 (datum Code 6683)

A

Luzon 1911

53
Q

a homogenous national network of geodetic control points (GCPs), marked by concrete monuments or mojons, that has been established using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology - NAMRIA

A

PRS92 or the Philippine Reference System of 1992

54
Q

it is a local projection designed specifically for the Philippines and primarily used for surveying political boundaries

A

Luzon 1911

55
Q

___________ reduces distortion by creating a series of central meridians

A

PTM or Philippine Transverse Mercator Coordinate System

56
Q

Local Series of Projections designed primarily for collecting survey data in the Philippines

A

Philippine Transverse Mercator

57
Q

Philippine Transverse Mercator Zones:
Zone I: ____________________________
Zone II: 119 degrees East Palawan and Calamian Islands
Zone III: 121 degrees East Luzon (except SE), Mindoro
Zone IV: 123 degrees East SE Luzon, West Mindanao
Zone V: 125 degrees East East Mindanao, Bohol, Samar

A

117 degrees East Area West of 118 degrees East

58
Q

Philippine Transverse Mercator Zones:
Zone I: 117 degrees East Area West of 118 degrees East
Zone II: _______________________
Zone III: 121 degrees East Luzon (except SE), Mindoro
Zone IV: 123 degrees East SE Luzon, West Mindanao
Zone V: 125 degrees East East Mindanao, Bohol, Samar

A

119 degrees East Palawan and Calamian Islands

59
Q

Philippine Transverse Mercator Zones:
Zone I: 117 degrees East Area West of 118 degrees East
Zone II: 119 degrees East Palawan and Calamian Islands
Zone III: ____________________
Zone IV: 123 degrees East SE Luzon, West Mindanao
Zone V: 125 degrees East East Mindanao, Bohol, Samar

A

121 degrees East Luzon (except SE), Mindoro

60
Q

Philippine Transverse Mercator Zones:
Zone I: 117 degrees East Area West of 118 degrees East
Zone II: 119 degrees East Palawan and Calamian Islands
Zone III: 121 degrees East Luzon (except SE), Mindoro
Zone IV: _____________________
Zone V: 125 degrees East East Mindanao, Bohol, Samar

A

123 degrees East SE Luzon, West Mindanao

61
Q

Philippine Transverse Mercator Zones:
Zone I: 117 degrees East Area West of 118 degrees East
Zone II: 119 degrees East Palawan and Calamian Islands
Zone III: 121 degrees East Luzon (except SE), Mindoro
Zone IV: 123 degrees East SE Luzon, West Mindanao
Zone V: _____________________________

A

125 degrees East East Mindanao, Bohol, Samar

62
Q

Single Square Cells

63
Q

Each cell will have a value corresponding to its land cover type

64
Q

Represents features as a matrix of cells in continuous space

65
Q

Points, Lines/Routes, Polygons/Regions, and TINs (Triangulated Irregular Networks)

66
Q

Simple Data Structure

67
Q

Complex Data Structure

68
Q

Easy and efficient overlaying

69
Q

Difficult to perform overlaying

70
Q

Compatible with Remote Sensing Imagery

71
Q

Not compatible with Remote Sensing Imagery

72
Q

Occupies larger disk space

73
Q

Less of space required

74
Q

Suffers from discretization

75
Q

No such effect

76
Q

Resolution depends on the cell size

77
Q

depends on the source data

78
Q

Suitable for phenomenon of transition boundaries

79
Q

Suitable for features with distinct gradational changes

80
Q

Errors in perimeter and shape

81
Q

Efficient encoding of topology

82
Q

Easier for processing data

83
Q

Data processing is complex

84
Q

Difficult to perform network analysis

85
Q

Easy to perform network analysis

86
Q

E.g. : DEM

87
Q

E. g. : TIN

88
Q

those collected in digital format specifically for use in a GIS project by direct measurement

A

Primary Source

89
Q

Examples include raster satellite images, and vector building-survey measurements captured using a total survey station

A

Primary Source

90
Q

those reused from earlier studies or obtained from other systems

A

Secondary Sources

91
Q

Examples include raster scanned color aerial photographs of urban areas and paper maps that can be scanned and vectorized (digitized)

A

Secondary Sources

92
Q

it is the measure of totality of features

A

Data Completeness

93
Q

termed as the degree of details that are displayed on a uniform space

A

Data Precision

94
Q

termed as the discrepancy between the actual attributes value and coded attribute value

A

Data Accuracy

95
Q

termed as the absence of conflicts in a particular database

A

Data Consistency

96
Q

gathering information about something (object) without actually being in any contact with it

A

Remote Sensing

97
Q

A _________ in orbit around the earth has a sensor which scans the Earth’s surface measuring the amount of light reflected/ transmitted

98
Q

one in which the satellite is always in the same position with respect to the rotating Earth

A

Geostationary orbit

99
Q

An orbit that goes over both the North and the South Pole

A

Polar Orbit or Sun-Synchronous Orbit

100
Q

Distance of satellite and Earth on Geostationary Orbit

A

22,300 miles or 36,000 kilometers

101
Q

Distance of satellite and Earth on Polar Orbit

A

879km or 500 miles

102
Q

a device that measures a certain energy level of the electromagnetic spectrum and converts it into a signal which can be read by an instrument

103
Q

developed to measure a certain amount of energy dependent on the usage

104
Q

generatred by feature extraction from high resolution stereo satellite imagery

A

Digital Elevation Model

105
Q

has a product of 90m DEM data sets for orthorectification of satellite image data

A

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)

106
Q

it uses inSAR which measures Earth’s elevation with two antennas.

A

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)

107
Q

has collected one of the most accurate digital elevation models of earth

A

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)

108
Q

is an active sensor that measures ground height

A

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)

109
Q

using light from an airplane or helicopter platform, it measures the time it takes to bounce back to the sensor. From this, you can create Digital Surface Models which is useful in forestry

A

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)

110
Q

radar mapping technology is an effective tool for collecting data under challenging circumstances such as cloud cover, extreme weather conditions, rugged terrain, and remote locations

A

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR)

111
Q

this geodetic method uses two or more synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to generate maps of surface deformation or digital elevation, using differences in the phase of the waves returning to the satellite

A

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR)

112
Q

are satellites specifically designed for earth observation from orbit, similar to spy satellites but intended for non-military uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc.

A

Earth Observation Satellites

113
Q

is an object -detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain

A

RADAR or Radio Detection and Ranging or Radio Direction and Ranging

114
Q

is a remote sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure ranges (variable distances) to the Earth

A

Light Detection and Ranging

115
Q

LIDAR that typically uses a near-infrared laser to map the land

A

Topographic LIDAR

116
Q

LIDAR that uses water-penetrating green light to also measure seafloor and riverbed elevations

A

Bathymetric LIDAR

117
Q

is helpful for exploring and mapping the ocean because sound waves travel father in the water than do radar and light waves

A

SONAR or Sound Navigation Ranging

118
Q

transducers emit an acoustic signal or pulse of sound into the water

A

Active Sonar

119
Q

are used primarily to detect noise from marine objects (such as submarines or ships) and marine animals like whales

A

Passive Sonar

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