Gi system

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

mechanical & Chemical
-breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

Question 2

Absorption

Answer 2

-monoscaccharides, amino acids, & fatty acids are brought into circulation from jejunum & ileum
-continue to liver via hepatic portal system of veins

Question 3

Elimination

Answer 3

unabsorbed food particles enter colon to become feces

Question 4

mechanical digestion

Answer 4

chewing - teeth tear and grind food that then mixes with saliva

Question 5

bolus

Answer 5

chewed food and salivary enzymes mixed (salivary amylase and salivary lipase)

Question 6

salivary glands

Answer 6

sublingual, submandibular, and parotid

Question 7

Carbohydrate digestion

Answer 7

1. begins in mouth with amylase
2. continues in Duodenum with pancreatic amylase (Cholecytokinin)
3. completed in Brush Border via Disaccaharides

Question 8

protein digestion

Answer 8

1. begins in mouth (mechanical)
2. continues in stomach with pepsin
3. continues in duodenum via pancreatic proteases (trypsin) (where protiens become smaller polypeptides)
4. completed in brush border (amino acids)

Question 9

lipid digestion

Answer 9

1. begins in mouth with lipase
2. continues in duodenum w/ pancreatic lipase & bile from gall bladder

Question 10

through the GI track

Answer 10

1. mouth with saliva and salivary enzymes (makes bolus)
2. deglutition (swallowing)
   -is voluntary and involuntary
   -mostly done by the tounge and soft tissues
   -pushed down the pharynx and into the esophagus
3. the esophagus carries the bolus to the cardioesophageal sphincter where it enters the stomach
   -once the food is in the stomach it entually leaves though the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum (first part of the small intestine)
4. most digestion occurs in the duodenum
5. food continues into the jejunum and ileum which makes the brsuh border with villi and micro villi is the terminal part of digestion (disaccarides go to monosaccarides)
6. nutrients is abosorded into blood stream from the brush border
7. whatever is left over enters the large intestine(colon) through the cecum
8. undigestible food ends up traveling though the cecum, asceding colon, transverse colon, decending & signmoid colon, the the retum and finally the anus throuhg the internal and external sphincter.

Question 11

Cardioesophageal sphincter

Answer 11

-where the esophagus pierces the stomach
-prevents stomach acid from entering the esophagus

Question 12

Mucus Cells

of the stomach

Answer 12

secreate lining of bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity of stomach acid

Question 13

Parietal Cells

of the stomach

Answer 13

-make hygrochloric acid which converts pepsinogen to pepsin
-has an the intrinsic factor that helps absorb B12

Question 14

Cheif Cells

of the stomach

Answer 14

makes pepsinogen

Question 15

Cholecytokinin

Answer 15

a hormone that causes the gallbladder to release bile for fatty emulsification
will also tell the pancrease to release digestive enzymes

emulsification means to break down the fat globules into smaller ones to it is easier to digest

Question 16

gallbladder

Answer 16

stores and concentrates bile

Question 17

liver

Answer 17

makes bile

Question 18

what are they broken down into?

1. lactose
2. sucrose
3. maltose

Answer 18

1. glucose and galactose
2. glucose and fructose
3. two gulcose particles