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final for 244 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

…produce?

glands

A

hormones

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2
Q

what are…?

hormones

A

chemical messengers that create an effect at the cellular level

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3
Q

what are the …?

endocrine glands

A

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, and pineal

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4
Q

what does this mean?

Hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal axis

A

hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary, which stimulates adrenal glands etc…

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5
Q

are… water or lipid soluble, and how do they effect the cell?

steroids

A

-lipid soluble
-can enter cell through membrane and go directly to nucleus for protein synthesis
-estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisol

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6
Q

are… water or lipid soluble, and how do they effect the cell?

Amino Acid

A

-water soluble
-cannot directly enter cell
-activate secondary messenger system at cell membrane changing intracellular environment

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7
Q

Parts of the …?

Pituitary gland

A

anterior and posterior

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8
Q

what does …?

hypothalamus produces

A

releasing hormones

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9
Q

what are the…?

posterior pituitary hormones

A

oxytocin and antidiuretic

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10
Q

what does … do?

oxytocin

A

uterine contractions and milk release

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11
Q

what does … do?

antidiuretic hormone

A

increases fluid retention in kidneys; preventing dehydration

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12
Q

what are the…?

anterior pituitary hormones

A

growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone

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13
Q

what does … do?

Growth hormone (GH)

A

increased musculoskeletal growth

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14
Q

what does … do?

prolactin

A

milk production

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15
Q

what does … do?

thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)

A

causes thyroid to produce T4 (thyroxine)
-thyroxine must be converted into T3 (triiodothyronine)
-increases metabolism in the body & other functions

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16
Q

What are symptoms of…?

hypothyroidism

A

weight gain, sluggish, cold intolerance, etc.

17
Q

What are symptoms of…?

hyperthyroidism

A

weight loss, heat intolerance

18
Q

what does … do?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)

A

causes adrenal cortex to make cortisol - increases blood sugar & has anti-inflammatory effects

19
Q

what does … do?

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

males causes the production of testosterone
females causes the production of estrogen/progesterone and process of ovulation

20
Q

what does … do?

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

males causes sperm production
females causes ovum development

21
Q

what are…?

parathyroid hormones

A

parathyroid hormone

22
Q

what is…?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

where?

A

increases blood calcium
-absorbes calcium from GI
-reabsorbes calcium in Kidney
-leaches calcium from Bones

23
Q

What does the … produce? (endocrine system)

Pancrease

A

Gulcagon and Insulin

24
Q

what does… do? … is produced by…?

Glucagon

A

increase blood sugar(glycogenolysis)
alpha cells

25
Q

what is…?

glucogenolysis

A

breaking down gylcogen to create glucose

26
Q

what does… do? … is produced by…?

Insulin

A

decreases blood sugar (gylcogenesis)
beta cells

27
Q

What is…?

glycogenesis

A

creating glycose out of glucose

28
Q

What hormones does the … produce? and where?

Adrenal Cortex Gland

A

Zona Glomerulos - Aldosteron
Zona Fasciculata - Cortisol
Zona Reticularis - Androgen

29
Q

what is…?

Aldosterone

A

increases Na retention in kidneys

30
Q

what is…?

Cortisol

A

increases blood sugar & has anti-inflammatory effect

31
Q

what is…?

Androgen

A

Testosterone supplement

32
Q

What hormones does… produce?

Adrenal Medulla Glands

A

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

33
Q

what does… do?

Epinephrine & Norephinephrine

A

Causes HR, BP, RR, blood flow to brain and skeletal muscles to increase, and cause blood flow to the gut to decrease.

final for 244 (12 decks)

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