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GI > GI Regulatory Substances > Flashcards

GI Regulatory Substances Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrin’s actions?

A

Increase gastric H+ secretion, growth of gastric mucosa, gastric motility

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2
Q

Gastrin is increased by? Decreased by?

A

Increased By: Stomach Distention

Decreased By: low pH

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3
Q

What can cause increased gastrin?

A
  1. Chronic PPI use

2. Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

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4
Q

G cells for gastrin are the only cells found in?

A

Antrum of the stomach

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5
Q

Somatostatin Actions?

A

Decreases acid, pancreatic fluid and insulin secretions

And decreases contractions

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6
Q

Somatostatin is increased by? Decreased by?

A

Increased by acid

Decreased by vagal

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7
Q

Somatostatin is made from?

A

D cells

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8
Q

CCK is made in response to?

A

fatty acids, amino acids

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9
Q

CCK action?

A

Increases secretions, gallbladder contractions and relaxation of spinchter of Oddi and delay gastric emptying

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10
Q

CCK is made from?

A

I cells

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11
Q

Secretin is made from?

A

S cells

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12
Q

S cells are only found in the?

A

Duodenum

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13
Q

Secretin main role?

A

Increase bicarb secretions

Decrease gastric emptying

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14
Q

Secretin is made in response to?

A

Acid and fatty acids

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15
Q

GIP is made in response to?

A

Oral glucose

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16
Q

GIP actions?

A
  1. decreases H+ secretion

2. Increases insulin release

17
Q

GIP is made from?

A

K cells

18
Q

Motilin is increased when you are?

A

fasting

19
Q

Motilin stimulates or inhibits peristalsis?

A

Stimulates

20
Q

VIP is made by?

A

Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, small intestine

21
Q

Watery Diarrhea with hypokalemia and achlorhydria think?

A

VIPoma

22
Q

VIP action?

A

Increase intestinal water/electrolyte secretion

23
Q

Decreased what is implicated in increased LES tone of achalasia?

A

NO

24
Q

IF is made by?

A

Parietal Cells

25
Q

With B12, IF is taken up by the?

A

Terminal ileum

26
Q

Gastric acid is secreted by MOA what are they?

A
  1. Stretch=>vagus=>GRP=>G cells=>gastrin=>CCK receptor
  2. Stretch=>Vagus=>Ach=>M3 receptors
  3. Gastrin=>ECL cells=>Histamine=>H2 receptors
27
Q

Where in the GI system do you find a + feedback loop?

A

Trypsinogen

28
Q

Only what kind of sugars can be absorbed?

A

monosaccharides

29
Q

Glucose and galactose are taken up by?

A

SGLT1 (Na+ dependent).

30
Q

Fructose is taken up by?

A

facilitated diffusion by GLUT-5

31
Q

All are taken up to blood by?

A

GLUT-2.

32
Q

What test is used to distinguish GI mucosal damage from other causes of malabsorption?

A

D-xylose absorption test

33
Q

Iron is absorbed by?

A

duodenum.

34
Q

Folate is absorbed by?

A

small bowel

35
Q

B12 is absorbed by?

A

terminal ileum

36
Q

Rate limiting Synthesis of Bile?

A

Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase

37
Q

Bile actions?

A
  1. Digestion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins
  2. Cholesterol excretion (body’s only means of eliminating cholesterol) ƒ
  3. Antimicrobial activity (via membrane disruption)

GI (20 decks)

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