GI Organs Flashcards
Why is the inferior esophageal sphincter physiologic and not anatomic?
Because the diaphragm closes it off
What are the constriction points of the esophagus?
Level of cricoid cartilage, juncture with pharynx
aorta and left main bronchi
diaphragmatic sphincter
What is a para-esophageal hiatal hernia?
Cardia of stomach is normal
Peritoneum and fundus are anterior to esophagus
What is a sliding hiatal hernia?
Esophagus, cardia of stomach, and fundus protrude through esophageal hiatus
What is a truncal vagotomy?
Denervates nerve supply to all of stomach and most of GI tract and liver
What is a proximal gastric vagotomy?
Denervates branches of vagus nerve going only to stomach
What is a selective proximal vagotomy?
Specifically denervate an area of the stomach at which there are parietal cells (fundus and cardia)
-prevent gastric ulcers
Where is the jejunum located?
Key features and blood supply?
LUQ
plicae circulares
mesenteric fat increases proximal to distal
Aterial arcades with long vasa recta
Where is the ileum located?
Key features and blood supply?
RLQ
Intraperitoneal-supported by mesentary
Arterial arcades with short vasa recta
What does the mesentary do?
Attaches jejunum and ileum to the posterior body wall
Where does the colon begin?
At the ileocecal junction
What is the cecum?
A blind pouch (Intraperitoneal) continuous with ileum and asceding colon
-Appendix is attached to posteromedial portion
What is Meckel’s Diverticulum?
Persistence of the vitelline duct
Causes an extra piece of tissue to secrete H+ which leads to gastric ulcer
Presents similar to appendicitis
At what level do you find the sigmoid colon and the rectum?
S3
What is a volvulus of the sigmoid colon?
Rotation and twisting of the sigmoid colon and sigmoid mesocolon
What is the internal anal sphincter comprised of ?
Smooth Muscle
What is the external anal sphincter comprised of?
Skeletal muscle
The anus is…?
An opening NOT a structure
What two ligaments attach to the spleen?
Gastrosplenic and spenorenal Ls.
What are the relationships to the spleen?
Anteriorly-fundus of stomach
Posteriorly-Left suprarenal gland and kidney
Inferiorly-Tail of pancreas and left colic flexure
What is the hepatopancreatic ampula?
Formed by union of common bile duct and main pacreatic duct
-Associated with sphincter of Oddi
What are the pancreas relationships?
Anterior-lesser sac and stomach
Posterior-Aorta, IVC etc.
Right-2nd part of duodenum
Left-Spleen
Inferior-3rd part of duodenum
What is the porta hepatis?
Transverse fissure that contains..
hepatic portal v.
proper hepatic a.
nerve plexus
hepatic bile duct and lymphatic vessels
Left sagittal fissure contains what?
ligamentum teres
Right sagittal fissure contains what?
Gall bladder and IVC
Where does the hepatogastric L go?
from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach
Where does the hepatoduodenal L go?
Passes from porta hepatis to duodenum
What is the genetic component of cirrhosis of the liver?
Absence of hair on chest
What can cause pancreatitis?
Blockage of hepatopancreatic ampulla which blocks both common bile duct and main pancreatic duct
What are the four F’s for risk factors of gall stones?
Female
Fat
Fortys
Fertile (pre-menopausal)
What would cause obstructive jaundice?
stones inside the common bile duct and billiary tree
