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GIGU > GI Organs > Flashcards

GI Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the inferior esophageal sphincter physiologic and not anatomic?

A

Because the diaphragm closes it off

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2
Q

What are the constriction points of the esophagus?

A

Level of cricoid cartilage, juncture with pharynx

aorta and left main bronchi

diaphragmatic sphincter

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3
Q

What is a para-esophageal hiatal hernia?

A

Cardia of stomach is normal

Peritoneum and fundus are anterior to esophagus

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4
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

Esophagus, cardia of stomach, and fundus protrude through esophageal hiatus

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5
Q

What is a truncal vagotomy?

A

Denervates nerve supply to all of stomach and most of GI tract and liver

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6
Q

What is a proximal gastric vagotomy?

A

Denervates branches of vagus nerve going only to stomach

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7
Q

What is a selective proximal vagotomy?

A

Specifically denervate an area of the stomach at which there are parietal cells (fundus and cardia)

-prevent gastric ulcers

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8
Q

Where is the jejunum located?

Key features and blood supply?

A

LUQ

plicae circulares

mesenteric fat increases proximal to distal

Aterial arcades with long vasa recta

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9
Q

Where is the ileum located?

Key features and blood supply?

A

RLQ

Intraperitoneal-supported by mesentary

Arterial arcades with short vasa recta

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10
Q

What does the mesentary do?

A

Attaches jejunum and ileum to the posterior body wall

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11
Q

Where does the colon begin?

A

At the ileocecal junction

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12
Q

What is the cecum?

A

A blind pouch (Intraperitoneal) continuous with ileum and asceding colon

-Appendix is attached to posteromedial portion

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13
Q

What is Meckel’s Diverticulum?

A

Persistence of the vitelline duct

Causes an extra piece of tissue to secrete H+ which leads to gastric ulcer

Presents similar to appendicitis

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14
Q

At what level do you find the sigmoid colon and the rectum?

A

S3

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15
Q

What is a volvulus of the sigmoid colon?

A

Rotation and twisting of the sigmoid colon and sigmoid mesocolon

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16
Q

What is the internal anal sphincter comprised of ?

A

Smooth Muscle

17
Q

What is the external anal sphincter comprised of?

A

Skeletal muscle

18
Q

The anus is…?

A

An opening NOT a structure

19
Q

What two ligaments attach to the spleen?

A

Gastrosplenic and spenorenal Ls.

20
Q

What are the relationships to the spleen?

A

Anteriorly-fundus of stomach

Posteriorly-Left suprarenal gland and kidney

Inferiorly-Tail of pancreas and left colic flexure

21
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic ampula?

A

Formed by union of common bile duct and main pacreatic duct

-Associated with sphincter of Oddi

22
Q

What are the pancreas relationships?

A

Anterior-lesser sac and stomach

Posterior-Aorta, IVC etc.

Right-2nd part of duodenum

Left-Spleen

Inferior-3rd part of duodenum

23
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

Transverse fissure that contains..

hepatic portal v.

proper hepatic a.

nerve plexus

hepatic bile duct and lymphatic vessels

24
Q

Left sagittal fissure contains what?

A

ligamentum teres

25
Q

Right sagittal fissure contains what?

A

Gall bladder and IVC

26
Q

Where does the hepatogastric L go?

A

from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach

27
Q

Where does the hepatoduodenal L go?

A

Passes from porta hepatis to duodenum

28
Q

What is the genetic component of cirrhosis of the liver?

A

Absence of hair on chest

29
Q

What can cause pancreatitis?

A

Blockage of hepatopancreatic ampulla which blocks both common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

30
Q

What are the four F’s for risk factors of gall stones?

A

Female

Fat

Fortys

Fertile (pre-menopausal)

31
Q

What would cause obstructive jaundice?

A

stones inside the common bile duct and billiary tree

GIGU (40 decks)

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