DSA GI Correlations Flashcards
What does Acholic mean?
White clay colored stools
What does acute cachexia mean?
General ill health and malnutrition
Coffee ground emesis
Denotes blood congealed and separated within gastric contents that takes the form of coffee grounds when in contact with acidic environment
What does colic mean?
Acute paroxysmal abdominal pain
What does dyspepsia mean?
postprandial epigastric discomfort
What does Dysphagia mean?
Difficulty in swallowing
What does ERCP mean?
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
What does hematemesis mean?
vomiting blood
What does hematochezia mean?
Bright red blood or maroon stool
What does Icterus mean?
Jaundice
What does Melena mean?
Tar like stool
Usually secondary to UGIB
What does pneumobilia mean?
Abnormal prresence of gas in the biliary system/bile ducts
What does pneumomediastinum mean?
Abnormal presence of air or gas in teh mediastinum, may interfere with respiration and circulation and may lead to pneumothorax
What does Pneumoperitoneum mean?
Abnormal presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity
What does UGIB mean?
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
What does uterolitiasis mean?
Stone from kidney making its way through ureter to bladder, urine analysis will show hematuria
What is a virchow’s node?
Palpable mass, lymph node, in the left supraclavicular/sternoclavicular fossa
What would you ask a patient that comes in for nausea and vomiting?
Appearance?
Blood?
Coffee grounds?
Food?
Feculent?
What questions would you ask someone who is having troubles swallowing?
Solids, liquids, or both?
Progressive or not?
Constant vs intermittent?
What are some possible lab tests that you can order for a GI complaint?
CBC
Comprehesive metabolic panel
basic metabolic panel
urialysis
pregnancy test
Whats the difference between BMP and CMP?
CMP has electrolytes and LFTs
BMP just has electrolytes
What tests would you order if you were looking for pancreatitis?
LIpase and amylase
What tests would you order if you were looking for Zolinger Ellison Gastrinoma?
Fasting gastrin
Secretin stimulation test
What can be useful about plain film for the abdomen?
Great to check for free air, bowel obstruction, and/or constipation
What is an ultrasound good for?
Good for imaging fluid filled structures (ex. gall bladder, bladder, kidneys, aorta and vessels, heart)
What is an ERCP used for?
Invasive way to visualize the hepatobiliary and pancreatic ducts
What imaging gives you the most information about abdominal pathology?
CT scan
Order as ABD/Pelvis
What is GERD?
Reflux or gastric contenets throug hteh lower esophageal sphincter into esophagus or oropharynx
Symptoms: Heartburn (pyrosis) and regurgitation/reflux
How can you treat GERD?
Weight loss, elevate head of bed, avoid dietary triggers
Antacids
Surface agents
H2 blockers
Proton Pump Inhibitors
What is PUD?
Peptic ulcers are defects in teh gastric or duodenal mucosa
What are the two major risk factors for PUD?
H. Pylori and NSAIDS
What is the most common cause of UGI bleeding?
PUD
What is the difference between gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer?
Gastric ulcer: infection in gastric body –> decrease in acid secretion
Loss of protective mucosal barrier
Duodenal Ulcer: Infection in gastric antrum –> Increase in acid secretion
What types of GI pathology are assoicated with H. Pylori?
PUD, chronic gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT, lymphoma, and duodenal ulcers
How does H. Pylori contribute to GI pathology?
It neutralizes gastric acid by hydrolyzing gastric lumina urea so it can penetrate the gastric mucus layer
What tests can be used to confirm H. Pylori?
Urea breath test
Fecal antigen test
Detection of antibodies in serum
Upper endoscopy
Remember: Have patient stop Proton Pump Inhibitor medication 14 days prior to fecal and breath tests
What is an UGIB?
Any GI bleed originating proximal to the ligament of Treitz
What is a LGIB?
Any GI bleed originating distal to the ligament of treitz
What would you expect in a patient with dilated submucosal veins?
Portal hypertension
From alcoholic liver disease
What is the difference between colelithiasis and cholecystitis?
Colelithiasis are gallstones
Cholecystitis is inflammation in the gallbladder secondary to stone obstruction in neck of GB or cystic duct
What is the classic presentation of an appedicitis?
RLQ abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea/vomiting
Usually start visceral then becomes localized at mcburney’s point
What is the classic presentation of Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis?
Abdominal pain localized in LLQ
What is achalasia?
Failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter accompanied by a loss of peristalsis in the distal esophagus
“Bird’s Beak”
What is Chagas Disease?
Esophageal dysfunction indistinguishable from primary idiopathic achalasia
Signs and Symptoms: Romana sign (swelling of periorbital tissue) and chagoma (swelling at the site)
What is zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?
Secretion of gastrin by duodenal or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Significantly elevated fasting gastrin level and positive secretin stimulation test
