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GIGU > DSA GI Correlations > Flashcards

DSA GI Correlations Flashcards

1
Q

What does Acholic mean?

A

White clay colored stools

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2
Q

What does acute cachexia mean?

A

General ill health and malnutrition

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3
Q

Coffee ground emesis

A

Denotes blood congealed and separated within gastric contents that takes the form of coffee grounds when in contact with acidic environment

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4
Q

What does colic mean?

A

Acute paroxysmal abdominal pain

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5
Q

What does dyspepsia mean?

A

postprandial epigastric discomfort

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6
Q

What does Dysphagia mean?

A

Difficulty in swallowing

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7
Q

What does ERCP mean?

A

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

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8
Q

What does hematemesis mean?

A

vomiting blood

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9
Q

What does hematochezia mean?

A

Bright red blood or maroon stool

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10
Q

What does Icterus mean?

A

Jaundice

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11
Q

What does Melena mean?

A

Tar like stool

Usually secondary to UGIB

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12
Q

What does pneumobilia mean?

A

Abnormal prresence of gas in the biliary system/bile ducts

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13
Q

What does pneumomediastinum mean?

A

Abnormal presence of air or gas in teh mediastinum, may interfere with respiration and circulation and may lead to pneumothorax

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14
Q

What does Pneumoperitoneum mean?

A

Abnormal presence of air or gas in the peritoneal cavity

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15
Q

What does UGIB mean?

A

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

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16
Q

What does uterolitiasis mean?

A

Stone from kidney making its way through ureter to bladder, urine analysis will show hematuria

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17
Q

What is a virchow’s node?

A

Palpable mass, lymph node, in the left supraclavicular/sternoclavicular fossa

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18
Q

What would you ask a patient that comes in for nausea and vomiting?

A

Appearance?

Blood?

Coffee grounds?

Food?

Feculent?

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19
Q

What questions would you ask someone who is having troubles swallowing?

A

Solids, liquids, or both?

Progressive or not?

Constant vs intermittent?

20
Q

What are some possible lab tests that you can order for a GI complaint?

A

CBC

Comprehesive metabolic panel

basic metabolic panel

urialysis

pregnancy test

21
Q

Whats the difference between BMP and CMP?

A

CMP has electrolytes and LFTs

BMP just has electrolytes

22
Q

What tests would you order if you were looking for pancreatitis?

A

LIpase and amylase

23
Q

What tests would you order if you were looking for Zolinger Ellison Gastrinoma?

A

Fasting gastrin

Secretin stimulation test

24
Q

What can be useful about plain film for the abdomen?

A

Great to check for free air, bowel obstruction, and/or constipation

25
Q

What is an ultrasound good for?

A

Good for imaging fluid filled structures (ex. gall bladder, bladder, kidneys, aorta and vessels, heart)

26
Q

What is an ERCP used for?

A

Invasive way to visualize the hepatobiliary and pancreatic ducts

27
Q

What imaging gives you the most information about abdominal pathology?

A

CT scan

Order as ABD/Pelvis

28
Q

What is GERD?

A

Reflux or gastric contenets throug hteh lower esophageal sphincter into esophagus or oropharynx

Symptoms: Heartburn (pyrosis) and regurgitation/reflux

29
Q

How can you treat GERD?

A

Weight loss, elevate head of bed, avoid dietary triggers

Antacids

Surface agents

H2 blockers

Proton Pump Inhibitors

30
Q

What is PUD?

A

Peptic ulcers are defects in teh gastric or duodenal mucosa

31
Q

What are the two major risk factors for PUD?

A

H. Pylori and NSAIDS

32
Q

What is the most common cause of UGI bleeding?

A

PUD

33
Q

What is the difference between gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer?

A

Gastric ulcer: infection in gastric body –> decrease in acid secretion

Loss of protective mucosal barrier

Duodenal Ulcer: Infection in gastric antrum –> Increase in acid secretion

34
Q

What types of GI pathology are assoicated with H. Pylori?

A

PUD, chronic gastritis, gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT, lymphoma, and duodenal ulcers

35
Q

How does H. Pylori contribute to GI pathology?

A

It neutralizes gastric acid by hydrolyzing gastric lumina urea so it can penetrate the gastric mucus layer

36
Q

What tests can be used to confirm H. Pylori?

A

Urea breath test

Fecal antigen test

Detection of antibodies in serum

Upper endoscopy

Remember: Have patient stop Proton Pump Inhibitor medication 14 days prior to fecal and breath tests

37
Q

What is an UGIB?

A

Any GI bleed originating proximal to the ligament of Treitz

38
Q

What is a LGIB?

A

Any GI bleed originating distal to the ligament of treitz

39
Q

What would you expect in a patient with dilated submucosal veins?

A

Portal hypertension

From alcoholic liver disease

40
Q

What is the difference between colelithiasis and cholecystitis?

A

Colelithiasis are gallstones

Cholecystitis is inflammation in the gallbladder secondary to stone obstruction in neck of GB or cystic duct

41
Q

What is the classic presentation of an appedicitis?

A

RLQ abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea/vomiting

Usually start visceral then becomes localized at mcburney’s point

42
Q

What is the classic presentation of Diverticulosis/Diverticulitis?

A

Abdominal pain localized in LLQ

43
Q

What is achalasia?

A

Failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter accompanied by a loss of peristalsis in the distal esophagus

“Bird’s Beak”

44
Q

What is Chagas Disease?

A

Esophageal dysfunction indistinguishable from primary idiopathic achalasia

Signs and Symptoms: Romana sign (swelling of periorbital tissue) and chagoma (swelling at the site)

45
Q

What is zollinger-Ellison Syndrome?

A

Secretion of gastrin by duodenal or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Significantly elevated fasting gastrin level and positive secretin stimulation test

GIGU (40 decks)

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