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Nursing Fundamentals II > GI - Medications > Flashcards

GI - Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

antacids

A
  • any substance, usually a base, that counteracts or neutralizes stomach acid
  • rapid onset/short duration
  • for gastric, esophagus, duodenum: indigestion, upset/sour stomach, heartburn, gas, gerd
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2
Q

Do antacids raise pH?

A

yes

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3
Q

Do antacids cause imbalances in electrolytes?

A

yes; low and high

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4
Q

what do gastric acids do to nerves?

A

cause pain

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5
Q

what are the two classes of antacids?

A
  • chemical neutralization gastric acid (sodium bicarbonate)

- absorb acid (calcium and magnesium)

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6
Q

antacid - chemical neutralization gastric acid

A
  • sodium bicarbonate
  • can cause acid rebound (acid returns in greater amounts)
  • baking soda and water = make on own
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7
Q

why do you have to consider hypertensions when taking antacids?

A
  • sodium bicarbonate

- retain more sodium

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8
Q

antacid - absorb acid

A
  • calcium and magnesium
  • less acid rebound effect
  • prone to drug interactions
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9
Q

what happens if you give synthroid and antacid at the same time?

A

will displace the hormone, give at least two hours apart

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10
Q

what do aluminum ions do?

A

inhibit smooth muscle cell contraction and delays gastric emptying

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11
Q

tums

A

calcium carbonate

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12
Q

Alka-Seltzer

A

sodium bicarbonate

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13
Q

MOM

A

magnesium hydroxide

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14
Q

Amphojel

A

aluminum hydroxide

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15
Q

Maalox, Mylanta

A

aluminum and magnesium

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16
Q

antacid

A
  • TUMS
  • Alka-Seltzer
  • MOM
  • Amphojel
  • Maalox & Mylanta
  • Hydroxide
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17
Q

H2 Receptor Antagonist

A
  • Blocks the action of histamine on parietal cells (H2) in the stomach, decreasing acid production by these cells
  • Histamine stimulates the secretion of stomach acid
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18
Q

what are the advantages of H2 receptor antagonist over antacid?

A

longer duration of 6-10 hours, use before meals to reduce chance of heartburn, more efficient

19
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor

A
  • Action is pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production-single dose for 2-3 days
  • Most potent inhibitors of acid secretion available today
  • Take 7-14 days to work fully
  • Proton pump is the end stage in gastric secretion-moves protein across cell membranes-secretes H+ ions into the gastric lumen
  • Drug binds to the gastric proton pump-deactivates it
20
Q

how much does a proton pump inhibitor reduce gastric juices?

A

Reduces gastric acid by secretion by up to 99%

21
Q

can you crush a proton pump inhibitor?s

A

no

22
Q

proton pump inhibitor - drug

A
  • Omeprazole (Prilosec)
  • Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
  • Esomeprazole (Nexium)
  • Pantoprazole (Protonix)
23
Q

Omeprazole

A

Prilosec

24
Q

Lansoprazole

A

Prevacid

25
Q

Esomeprazole

A

Nexium

26
Q

Pantoprazole

A

Protonix

27
Q

laxatives

A
  • Act by stimulating the smooth muscles of the bowel or change the consistency of stools
  • What does the stimulant do, why we shouldn’t use, best to use to start
28
Q

laxatives - stimulant

A
  • chemically stimulate smooth muscles of the bowel

- habit forming

29
Q

laxatives - stimulant - drug

A
  • Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

- Sennosides (Senokot)

30
Q

Bisacodyl

A

dulcolax

31
Q

Sennosides

A

Senokot

32
Q

laxative - saline

A

increase bulk of stools by retaining water

33
Q

laxative - saline - drug

A
  • Magnesium hydroxide (MOM)
  • Magnesium citrate
  • Fleet
34
Q

laxative - bulk forming

A

non-digestible-increases bulk by passing through the stomach

35
Q

laxative - bulk forming - drug

A
  • Methylcellulose (Citrucel)

- Psyllium (Metamucil)

36
Q

Methylcellulose

A

Citrucel

37
Q

Psyllium

A

Metamucil

38
Q

laxative - emollient

A

softens-does not cause a BM but allows BM without straining

39
Q

laxative - emollient - drug

A

Docusate (colace)

40
Q

Docusate

A

colace

41
Q

laxative - stimulant and softener - drug

A

docusate/casanthranol (Pericolace)

42
Q

laxative - lubricant - drug

A

mineral oil

43
Q

Glycerin-R-(hyperosmotics)

A

softens and increases bowel action

Nursing Fundamentals II (13 decks)

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