GI HORMONES AND PHYSIOLOGY

Question 1

Gastric parietal Cells

Answer 1

HCl

IF

Question 2

Chief Cells

Answer 2

Pepsinogen

Question 3

G Cells

Answer 3

Gastrin

Question 4

Mucous Neck Cells

Answer 4

Bicarbonate Mucus

Question 5

Pepsin

Answer 5

Proteolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds

Question 6

IF

Answer 6

Protein secreted by the parietal cells that combines with vitamin B12 and enables absorption in the terminal ileum

Question 7

3 Receptors the (+) HCl release

Answer 7

Histamine
Acetylcholine
Gastrin

Question 8

Enterohepatic circulation

Answer 8

Circulation of bile acids from the liver to the gut and back to the liver via the portal vein

Question 9

STIMULATORS of gallbladder emptying

Answer 9

CCK

Vagal Input

Question 10

INHIBITORS of gallbladder emptying

Answer 10

Somatostatin
sympathetics
VIP

Question 11

Duodenal mucosal cells

Answer 11

CCK

Question 12

(+) release of CCK

Answer 12

Fat, protein, amino acids, HCl

Question 13

(-) release of CCK

Answer 13

Trypsin and chymotrypsis

Question 14

CCK action

Answer 14

Empties gallbladder

Opens ampulla of Vater

Slows gastric emptying

Stimulates pancreatic acinar cell growth and release of exocrine products

Question 15

Duodenal cells (argyrophilic S cells)

Answer 15

Secretin

Question 16

(+) release of secretin

Answer 16

pH < 4.5 (acid), fat in the duodenum

Question 17

(-) release of secretin

Answer 17

high pH in the duodenum

Question 18

Secretin action

Answer 18

Releases pancreatic bicarbonate/enzymes/
H2O

Releases bile/bicarbonate

Decreases lower esophageal sphincter
(LES) tone

Decreases release of gastric acid

Question 19

Gastric antrum G cells

Answer 19

Gastrin

Question 20

(+) release of Gastrin

Answer 20

Stomach peptides/amino acids
Vagal input
Calcium

Question 21

(-) release of Gastrin

Answer 21

pH<3.0

Somatostatin

Question 22

Gastrin action

Answer 22

Release of HCl from parietal cells

Trophic effect on mucosa of the stomach
and small intestine

Question 23

Pancreatic D cells

Answer 23

Somatostatin

Question 24

(+) release of Somatostatin

Answer 24

Food

Question 25

Somatostatin action

Answer 25

(-) GI function

Question 26

Main small bowel nutritional source

Answer 26

Glutamine

Question 27

Main nutritional | source of the colon

Answer 27

Butyrate

Question 28

Site of Ca absorption

Answer 28

Duodenum actively, jejunum passively

Question 29

Site of iron absorption

Answer 29

Duodenum

Question 30

Site of vit B12 absorptiom

Answer 30

Terminal Ileum

Question 31

Controls gallbladder contraction

Answer 31

CCK

Question 32

Main constituents of bile

Answer 32

Water, phospholipids (lecithins), bile acids, cholesterol, and bilirubin

Question 33

Esophagus - type of muscle fibers

Answer 33

Upper third—striated muscle control of motor nerves Middle third—mixed Lower third—smooth muscle, primarily under control of vagal motor fibers

Question 34

Electrolytes which are actively actively absorbed by the colon

Answer 34

Na | Cl

Question 35

Electrolyte which is actively secreted by the colon

Answer 35

HCO3

Question 36

Electrolyte which is passively secreted by the colon

Answer 36

K

Question 37

Gastrocolic Reflex

Answer 37

Increased secretory and motor functions of the stomach result in increased colonic motility

Question 38

Blood supply to the liver

Answer 38

75% - from the portal vein, rich in products of digestion 25% - from the hepatic artery, rich in O2 (but each provide for 50% of oxygen)

Question 39

Peyer Patches

Answer 39

Nodules of lymphoid tissue with B and T lymphocytes in the small intestine that selectively sample lumenal antigens found in the terminal ileum