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SURGERY > GI HORMONES AND PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

GI HORMONES AND PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Gastric parietal Cells

A

HCl

IF

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2
Q

Chief Cells

A

Pepsinogen

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3
Q

G Cells

A

Gastrin

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4
Q

Mucous Neck Cells

A

Bicarbonate Mucus

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5
Q

Pepsin

A

Proteolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds

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6
Q

IF

A

Protein secreted by the parietal cells that combines with vitamin B12 and enables absorption in the terminal ileum

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7
Q

3 Receptors the (+) HCl release

A

Histamine
Acetylcholine
Gastrin

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8
Q

Enterohepatic circulation

A

Circulation of bile acids from the liver to the gut and back to the liver via the portal vein

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9
Q

STIMULATORS of gallbladder emptying

A

CCK

Vagal Input

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10
Q

INHIBITORS of gallbladder emptying

A

Somatostatin
sympathetics
VIP

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11
Q

Duodenal mucosal cells

A

CCK

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12
Q

(+) release of CCK

A

Fat, protein, amino acids, HCl

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13
Q

(-) release of CCK

A

Trypsin and chymotrypsis

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14
Q

CCK action

A

Empties gallbladder

Opens ampulla of Vater

Slows gastric emptying

Stimulates pancreatic acinar cell growth and release of exocrine products

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15
Q

Duodenal cells (argyrophilic S cells)

A

Secretin

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16
Q

(+) release of secretin

A

pH < 4.5 (acid), fat in the duodenum

17
Q

(-) release of secretin

A

high pH in the duodenum

18
Q

Secretin action

A

Releases pancreatic bicarbonate/enzymes/
H2O

Releases bile/bicarbonate

Decreases lower esophageal sphincter
(LES) tone

Decreases release of gastric acid

19
Q

Gastric antrum G cells

A

Gastrin

20
Q

(+) release of Gastrin

A

Stomach peptides/amino acids
Vagal input
Calcium

21
Q

(-) release of Gastrin

A

pH<3.0

Somatostatin

22
Q

Gastrin action

A

Release of HCl from parietal cells

Trophic effect on mucosa of the stomach
and small intestine

23
Q

Pancreatic D cells

A

Somatostatin

24
Q

(+) release of Somatostatin

A

Food

25
Q

Somatostatin action

A

(-) GI function

26
Q

Main small bowel nutritional source

A

Glutamine

27
Q

Main nutritional

source of the colon

A

Butyrate

28
Q

Site of Ca absorption

A

Duodenum actively, jejunum passively

29
Q

Site of iron absorption

A

Duodenum

30
Q

Site of vit B12 absorptiom

A

Terminal Ileum

31
Q

Controls gallbladder contraction

A

CCK

32
Q

Main constituents of bile

A

Water, phospholipids (lecithins), bile acids, cholesterol, and bilirubin

33
Q

Esophagus - type of muscle fibers

A

Upper third—striated muscle control of motor nerves

Middle third—mixed

Lower third—smooth muscle, primarily under control of vagal motor fibers

34
Q

Electrolytes which are actively actively absorbed by the colon

A

Na

Cl

35
Q

Electrolyte which is actively secreted by the colon

A

HCO3

36
Q

Electrolyte which is passively secreted by the colon

A

K

37
Q

Gastrocolic Reflex

A

Increased secretory and motor functions of the stomach result in increased colonic motility

38
Q

Blood supply to the liver

A

75% - from the portal vein, rich in products of digestion

25% - from the hepatic artery, rich in O2 (but each provide for 50% of oxygen)

39
Q

Peyer Patches

A

Nodules of lymphoid tissue with B and T lymphocytes in the small intestine that selectively sample lumenal antigens found in the terminal ileum

SURGERY (27 decks)

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