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GIT physiology > GI Hormones > Flashcards

GI Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

What sort of hormone is gastrin

A

Polypeptide

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2
Q

What are the 3 biologically active forms of gastrin

What do all active forms have

A
  1. Big = 34 AAs
  2. Little = 17 AAs
  3. Mini = 14 AAs

Samr c-terminal 5 chain AA

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3
Q

Where is gastrin released

Where is it also present

A

From G cells in stomach and duodenum

CNS e.g. pituitary gland, hypothalamus

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4
Q

How is the release of gastrin stimulated

A
  • Protein digestion products
  • Nervous, physical distention
  • Calcium
  • Coffee
  • WIne
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5
Q

How is the release of gastrin inhibited

A

Acidification of antrum - pH of < 2

Somatostatin

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6
Q

Action of gastrin

A
  • Stimulates acid secretion by gastric mucosa
  • Stimulates growth of parietal cells of gastric mucosa
  • Stimulate mucosal blood flow
  • Stimulates pepsin release
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7
Q

GASTRINOMA - ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME

What is it caused by

What are the symptoms

A
  • Gastrin secreting tumor
  • non-beta cell tumor of pancreas (80%)
  • G cell tumors in duodenum (10-15%)
  • continually secretes gastrin into blood
  • Symptoms
  • Duodenal ulcers
  • diarrhea
  • steatorrhea
  • hypokalemia
  • increased parietal cell mass
  • constant stimulation of hyperplastic mucosa
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8
Q

What sort of hormone is cholecystokinin

A

Polypeptide, different forms including: 58, 39, 33 and 8 AA

8 AA form has full biological potency

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9
Q

What is cholecystokinin secreted by

A

I cells, mainly in duodenum and jejunum distal

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10
Q

What is secretion of cholecystokinin stimulated by

A

FAs or AAs in duodenum

+ve feedback between CCK secretion and its stimulation

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11
Q

What is secretion of cholecystokinin inhibited by

A

Somatostatin

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12
Q

Physiological effects of CCK on gallbladder

A
  • Emptying of gallbladder - contracts gallbladder, relaxes sphincter of Oddi
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13
Q

Physiological effects of CCK on pancreatic exocrine function

A

Potent stimulator of enzyme secretion

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14
Q

Physiological effects of CCK on stomach

A

Inhibits gastric emptying

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15
Q

Trophic effects of CCK

A

Exocrine pancreas and gallbladder mucosa

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16
Q

What does CCK induce

A

Satiety => no hunger

Why fatty food fills us up

SEE PHOTO

17
Q

What sort of hormone is secretin

A

29 AA peptide released from S-cells of duodenal mucosa

18
Q

Stimuli for release of secretin

A
  • Acid in duodenum (pH < 4.5)
  • FAs in duodenum
19
Q

Physiological effects of secretin

A

NATURE’S ANTACID

  • Inhibits gastric acid secretion
  • Stimulates pancreatic and bile bicarbonate secretion
  • Stimulates pepsin secretion
  • Trophic effect on exocrine pancrease
  • May have a role in control of food intake
    ​
20
Q

What sort of hormone is Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)

A

Member of secretin family

  • 9 AA identical to secretin
21
Q

What is the stimuli for release of GIP

A
  • Released from duodenum and proximal jejunum
  • All major foodstuffs
22
Q

Physiological effects of GIP

A
  • Stimulates insulin release - also called glucose-dependent insulinotrophic peptide
  • Inhibits gastric acid secretion
23
Q

What sort of hormone is motilin

A

22 AA peptide

24
Q

What are the stimuli for release of motilin

A
  • Released from duodenum and proximal jejunum during fasting at 100 min intervals
25
Q

Physiological effects of motilin

A
  • Stimulates upper GI motility
  • Accounts for migrating motility complex - housekeeping contractions
26
Q

Chemical structure of somatostatin

A

14 and 28 AA forms

27
Q

Where is somatostatin found

A

In hypothalamus, throughout CNS and gut, including pancreas

28
Q

Function of somatostatin

A

Major inhibitory peptide of gut

Inhibits secretion of:

  1. Insulin
  2. Glucagon
  3. CCK
  4. Secretin
  5. Gastrin
  6. VIP
  7. Somatostatin - autocrine
29
Q

Where is Glucagon Like Peptide 1 produced

A

Digestive tract

30
Q

What does GLP-1 give the feeling of

A

Feeling full - satiety

31
Q

What does GLP-1 inhibit

A

Gastric emptying

Glucose absorption from the gut

32
Q

What does GLP-1 increase

A

Insulin secretion

Pancreatic Beta-cell mass

GIT physiology (11 decks)

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