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GIT physiology > AS intro > Flashcards

AS intro Flashcards

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Git Commands flashcards
1
Q

What are the functions of the GIT

A

Provides energy Provides building blocks

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2
Q

What is the length of the GIT

A

11 metres

however length is partially contracted smooth muscle => 6-7 m in human

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3
Q

What are the 4 processes carried out by the GIT

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Secretion
  3. Absorption
  4. Motility (doesn’t always move towards rectum - sometimes moves in oral direction)
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4
Q

How much water is absorbed

A

6.7L (SI)

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5
Q

How much water is put into body

A
  • 1.2L ingested - 800g solids ingested
  • 1.5L salivary secretions
  • 2L Gastric secretions
  • 0.5L bile
  • 1.5L pancreatic secretions - SI
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6
Q

Of the 1.5L of water ingested, how much is absorbed

A

1.4L

=> 0.1L excreted (w/ 50g solids)

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7
Q

What is the mouth responsible for

A

Chewing action - reflex/voluntary

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8
Q

What does the tongue do

A

Shapes food into bolus and pushes bolus towards pharynx

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9
Q

Function of pharynx

A

Helps crush food

Closes nasal opening when swallowing

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10
Q

4 major functions of saliva

A
  1. Moisten and lubricate food
  2. Digestion of polysaccharides by amylase
  3. Dissolve food
  4. Antibacterial actions
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11
Q

Name the 3 salivary glands

A
  1. Parotid
  2. Submandibular
  3. Sublingual
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12
Q

2 enzymes secreted by salivary glands

A

Salivary amylase - ptyalin

Lingual lipase

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13
Q

What are mucins

A

Proteins with a lot of CHOs attached - viscosity traps bacteria

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14
Q

What glands secrete mucus

A

Buccal, submandibular, sublingual

  • lubricate prior to swallowing
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15
Q

What is the basal secretion rate of saliva

A

0.5 ml/min but can go up to 4 ml/min

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16
Q

How does saliva help with digestion

A

Amylase

Lipase

17
Q

How does saliva help to prevent tooth decay

A
  • Washing action
  • Mucus coating of mouth
  • Alkaline pH - buffers acids in food - vomiting
  • Bactericidal
18
Q

How is saliva bactericidal

A

Thiocyanate ions

Sialoperoxidase

Proteolytic enzymes (e.g. lysozyme)

  • H2O2 + thiocyanate -> hypothiocyanate (toxic to bacteria)

RXN CATALYSED // SIALOPEROXIDASE

Also antibodies

19
Q

How to know that the vomiting reflex has been triggered

A

Sudden rush of saliva

20
Q

* Salivary secretion

A
21
Q

Relationship between composition of saliva and salivary flow rate

A

[Na+] plasma = 145-150 mEq

Faster flow rate => less contact time => more Na+ enters palsma

Above 1ml/min, counter-transporter of HCO3- is functioning maximally

22
Q

Why is there never 0 salivary flow rate

A

Sympathetic + parasympathetic stimulate salivary secretion

23
Q

How is saliva secretion regulated

A

Reflexes can be conditioned - ringing of bell in experiment w/ dogs triggered salivary secretion

GIT physiology (11 decks)

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