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0. Step Ib > GI Hormones > Flashcards

GI Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

decrease gastric emptying

A

Cholecystokinin

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1
Q

secreted by I cells (duodenum, jejunum)

A

Cholecystokinin

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1
Q

this hormone secretion is inhibited when stomach pH < 1.5

A

gastrin

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1
Q

this hormone secretion is inhibited by vagal stimulation

A

somatostatin

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1
Q

pepsin secretion is upregulated by these 2 factors:

A

vagal stimulation, local acid

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3
Q

this hormone secretion is inhibited by adrenergic input

A

VIP

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4
Q

decrease insulin and glucagon release

A

Somatostatin

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4
Q

what is a VIPoma?

A

non-α, non-β islet cell pancreatic tumor that secretes VIP -> copious watery diarrhea -> Hypokalemia -> Achlorhydria WDHA syndrome

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5
Q

gastric acid secretion

upregulated by these 3 factors:

downregulated by these 4 factors:

A

up: Histamine***, ACh, Gastrin (via ECL cells -> histamine)
down: somatostatin, GIP, prostaglandin (misoprostol), secretin

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6
Q

secreted by Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, small intestine

A

VIP

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8
Q

increase gastric motility

A

Gastrin

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9
Q

decrease pepsinogen secretion

A

Somatostatin

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11
Q

increase smooth muscle relaxation, including lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

A

NO

Loss of NO secretion is implicated in increased LES tone of achalasia.

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12
Q

secreted by Small intestine

A

motilin

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12
Q

this hormone secretion is stimulated during fasting states

A

motilin

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13
Q

decrease gall bladder contraction

A

Somatostatin

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14
Q

increase relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters

A

VIP

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16
Q

sphincter of Oddi relaxation

A

Cholecystokinin

17
Q

decrease gastric H+ secretion

A

GIP, secretin, somatostatin

18
Q

increase gallbladder contraction

A

Cholecystokinin

19
Q

increase intestinal water and electrolyte secretion

A

VIP

20
Q

Produces migrating motor complexes (MMCs)

A

Motilin

21
Q

secreted by D cells (pancreatic islets, GI mucosa)

A

Somatostatin

23
Q

decrease pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion

A

Somatostatin

24
Q

this hormone secretion is stimulated by stomach distention, alkalinization, a.a., peptides, vagal stimulation

A

gastrin

25
Q

this hormone secretion is stimulated by FA + a.a.

A

cholecystokinin

26
Q

secreted by S cells (duodenum)

A

Secretin

27
Q

increase bile secretion

A

secretin

28
Q

increase pancreatic HCO3– secretion

A

secretin

HCO3 neutralizes gastric acid in duodenum, allowing pancreatic enzymes to function.

29
Q

this hormone secretion is stimulated by H+

A

secretin, somatostatin

30
Q

increase insulin release

A

GIP

31
Q

this hormone secretion is stimulated by distention and vagal stimulation

A

VIP

32
Q

secreted by K cells (duodenum, jejunum)

A

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide

33
Q

increase gastric H+ secretion

A

Gastrin

35
Q

secreted by G cells (antrum of stomach)

A

Gastrin

36
Q

increase pancreatic secretion

A

Cholecystokinin

37
Q

HCO3 secretion is upregulated by these 2 factors:

A

pancreatic and biliary secretion with secretin

38
Q

motilin receptor agonist

A

erythromycin

39
Q

this hormone secretion is stimulated by FA, a.a., oral glucose

A

GIP

40
Q

increase growth of gastric mucosa

A

Gastrin

41
Q

this hormone secretion is stimulated by H+, fatty acids in lumen of duodenum

A

secretin

42
Q

potent stimulators of gastrin secretion

A

chronic PPI use (rebound acid secretion)

phenylalanine

tryptophan

43
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

of parietal cells

of G cells

acid secretion

secretin injection

A

# of parietal cells - increased because they are stimulated by gastrin to produce gastric acid + IF

# of G cells - decreased due to negative feedback from all the gastrin that is being produced by the tumor

acid secretion - increased; refractory to medical therapy

secretin injection –>increase gastrin secretion (paradoxical since secretin normally decreases it!!)

0. Step Ib (19 decks)

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