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0. Step Ib > autonomic drugs > Flashcards

autonomic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

neostigmine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: indirect cholinomimetic agonist (anticholinesterase)
mechanism: ↑endogenous ACh

clinical use:ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis

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2
Q

timolol

class

A

class:nonselective βantagonist

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3
Q

benztropine

class
organ affected
clinical use

A

class:muscarinic antagonist

organ affected:CNS

clinical use:Parkinson’s disease

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4
Q

albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class:direct sympathomimetic

clinical use:asthma, COPD, tocolytic (tertbutaline)

mechanism:α1(-), α2(-), β1(++), β2(++++), D1(-)

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5
Q

ipratropium, tiotropium

class
clinical use
A

class:muscarinic antagonist

clinical use:COPD, asthma

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6
Q

edrophonium

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: indirect cholinomimetic agonist (anticholinesterase)
mechanism: ↑endogenous ACh

clinical use:diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis

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7
Q

epinephrine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: direct sympathomimetic
mechanism: α1(+++), α2(+++), β1(++++), β2(++++), D1(-)

clinical use:anaphylaxis, open angle glaucoma, asthma, hypotension

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8
Q

dobutamine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: direct sympathomimetic
mechanism: α1(+), α2(+), β1(++++), β2(+), D1(-)

clinical use:CHF, cardiac stress test (pharmacologic), increase heart rate and contractility

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9
Q

carbachol

class
clinical use
A

class:direct cholinomimetic agonist

clinical use:glaucoma, reduce intraocular pressure

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10
Q

dopamine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: direct sympathomimetic
mechanism: α1(+++) @ high dose, α2(+++) @ high dose, β1(+++) @ med dose, β2(++) @ med dose, D1(+++) @ low dose

clinical use:shock, CHF, increase heart rate and contractility

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11
Q

acebutolol

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: β1 selective antagonist (partial)
class: partial nonselective β agonist

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12
Q

prazosin

class
toxicity
clinical use

A

class: α-1 selective blocker
toxicity: 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension

clinical use:BPH, HTN

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13
Q

cocaine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: indirect sympathomimetic
mechanism: reuptake inhibitor

clinical use:vasoconstriction, local anesthetic

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14
Q

propranolol

class

A

class:nonselective βantagonist

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15
Q

oxybutynin

class
clinical use
organ affected

A

class:muscarinic antagonist

clinical use:urge incontinence

organ affected:GU

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16
Q

atropine, homatropine, tropicamide

class
clinical use
organ affected

A

class:muscarinic antagonist

organ affected:eye

clinical use:mydriasis, cycloplegia

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17
Q

phenoxybenzamine

class
clinical use
toxicity

A

class: noncompetitive, nonselective α-blocker (irreversible)
toxicity: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia

clinical use:pheochromocytoma

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18
Q

phentolamine

class
clinical use
toxicity

A

class: nonselective α-blocker (reversible)
toxicity: orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia

clinical use:

  • patient w/ MAO inhibitors accidentally eats tyramine, give to avoid HTN
  • patient w/ IV NE who demonstrates extravasation and resulting vasoconstriction (induration + pallor of tissues)
19
Q

bethanechol

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: direct cholinomimetic agonist
mechanism: activates smooth muscle in bowels and bladder

clinical use:ileus, urinary retention

20
Q

glycopyrrolate

class
clinical use
organ affected

A

class:muscarinic antagonist

clinical use:pre-op to reduce airway secretions and drooling, peptic ulcers

organ affected:GI, respiratory

21
Q

pindolol

class

A

class: nonselective β antagonist
class: partial nonselective β agonist

22
Q

atenolol

class

A

class:β1 selective antagonist

23
Q

organophosphates

class
toxicity
A

class: irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor
toxicity: Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, and Salivation.

24
Q

atropine

class
effects
clinical use
toxicity

A

class: muscarinic antagonist
effects: mydriasis, cycloplegia, reduced airway secretions, decreased GI motility, decreased urge incontinence, decreased acid secretion

clinical use: organophosphate poisioning

toxicity:hyperthermia, anhydrosis, flushed skin, cycloplegia, disorientation
hot as a hare
dry as a bone
red as a beet
blind as a bat
mad as a hatter
25
Q

pilocarpine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: direct cholinomimetic agonist
mechanism: contracts ciliary muscle, pupillary sphincter

clinical use:open and closed-angle glaucoma, stimulates sweating, lacrimation, salivation

26
Q

labetolol

class

A

class:nonselective α and β antagonist

27
Q

physostigmine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: indirect cholinomimetic agonist (anticholinesterase)
mechanism: ↑endogenous ACh → crosses BBB to CNS

clinical use:anticholinergic overdose (e.g. atropine)

28
Q

betaxalol

class

A

class:β1 selective antagonist

29
Q

clonidine, α-methyldopa

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: sympathoplegic
mechanism: central-acting α-2 agonist → decreases sympathetic outflow from CNS

clinical use:hypertension, (methyldopa safe in pregnancy)

30
Q

esmolol

class

A

class:β1 selective antagonist (short-acting)

31
Q

norepinephrine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: direct sympathomimetic
mechanism: α1(++++), α2(++++), β1(++), β2(-), D1(-)

clinical use:hypotension

32
Q

methacholine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: direct cholinomimetic agonist
mechanism: inhale → muscarinic receptors in airway → bronchodilation

clinical use:asthma diagnostic test

33
Q

ephedrine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: indirect sympathomimetic
mechanism: releases stored catecholamines

clinical use:nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension

34
Q

amphetamine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: indirect sympathomimetic
mechanism: releases stored catecholamines

clinical use:narcolepsy, obesity, ADHD

35
Q

isoproterenol

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: direct sympathomimetic
mechanism: α1(-), α2(-), β1(++++), β2(++++), D1(-)

clinical use:Torsade de pointes, bradyarrhythmia

36
Q

donepezil

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: indirect cholinomimetic agonist (anticholinesterase)
mechanism: ↑endogenous ACh → crosses BBB to CNS

clinical use:Alzheimer’s disease

37
Q

nadolol

class

A

class:nonselective β antagonist

38
Q

phenylephrine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: direct sympathomimetic
mechanism: α1(+++), α2(++), β1(-), β2(-), D1(-)

clinical use:hypotension, ocular procedures, decongestion

39
Q

carvedilol

class

A

class:nonselective α and β antagonist

40
Q

scopolamine

class
organ affected
clinical use

A

class:muscarinic antagonist

organ affected:CNS

clinical use:motion sickness

41
Q

pyridostigmine

class
MoA
clinical use

A

class: indirect cholinomimetic agonist (anticholinesterase)
mechanism: ↑endogenous ACh

clinical use:myasthenia gravis

42
Q

metoprolol

class

A

class:β1 selective antagonist

43
Q

mirtazapine

class
clinical use
toxicity

A

class:α-2 selective blocker

clinical use:depression

toxicity:sedation, hypercholesterolemia, hyperphagia

0. Step Ib (19 decks)

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