Cardio Cardiac/Vascular Tumors + Vasculitis

Question 1

Cystic hygroma

what is it?
association?

Answer 1

vascular tumor - cavernous lymphangioma of the neck

Turner syndrome (XO)

Question 2

Angiosarcoma

causes?

Answer 2

vascular tumor of the H&N and breast areas

causes

• post-radiation therapy
• vinyl chloride
• arsenic

Question 3

Lymphangiosarcoma

association?

Answer 3

lymphatic malignancy associated with persistent lymphaedema, usually occurs post-radical mastectomy

Question 4

Cherry hemangioma

Answer 4

vascular tumor - benign capillary hemangioma of the ELDERLY. does not regress, but rather increases with age

Question 5

Strawberry hemangioma

Answer 5

vascular tumor - benign capillary hemangioma of the INFANCY. Regresses with age

Question 6

Glomus tumor

derived from? features?

Answer 6

vascular tumor that arises from modified smooth muscle cells of glomus body

benign, painful, red-blue tumors underneath fingernails

Question 7

Kaposi’s sarcoma

associations?

Answer 7

vascular tumor - associated with HHV8 and HIV

Question 8

Pyogenic granuloma

causes? features?

Answer 8

vascular tumor caused by trauma and pregnancy; can ulcerate and bleed

Question 9

Bacillary angiomatosis

associations?

Answer 9

vascular tumor - benign capillary skin papules

associated with AIDs, bartonella henselae infections

Question 10

Buerger’s disease
type of vasculitis?
pathology?

Answer 10

type: medium-vessel vasculitis
pathology: segmental thrombosing vasculitis

Question 11

Churg-Strauss syndrome
type of vasculitis?
pathology?

Answer 11

type: small-vessel vasculitis
pathology: granuomatous + vasculitis with EOSINOPHILIA, elevated IgE, p-ANCA

Question 12

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
type of vasculitis?
pathology?

Answer 12

type: small-vessel vasculitis
pathology:
- necrotizing granulomas in lung+upper airway
- necrotizing vasculitis
- necrotizing glomerulonephritis
- c-ANCA

Question 13

Henoch-Schonlein purpura
type of vasculitis?
pathology?

Answer 13

type: small-vessel vasculitis
pathology: vasculitis due to IgA complex deposition

Question 14

Kawasaki disease
type of vasculitis?
pathology?

Answer 14

type: medium-vessel vasculitis
pathology: coronary artery aneurysms -> can rupture leading to infarction

Question 15

microscopic polyangitis
type of vasculitis?
pathology?

Answer 15

type: small-vessel vasculitis
pathology: necrotizing vasculitis (lungs, kidney, skin - palpable purpura), p-ANCA

Question 16

Polyarteritis nodosa
type of vasculitis?
pathology?

Answer 16

type: medium-vessel vasculitis
pathology: fibrinoid necrosis (immune complex mediated) w/ transmural inflammation) of renal + visceral arteries

Question 17

Takayasu’s arteritis
type of vasculitis?
pathology?

Answer 17

type: large-vessel vasculitis
pathology: granulomatous inflammation of aortic arch + proximal great vessels (->luminal narrowing), elevated ESR

Question 18

Temporal (giant cell) arteritis
type of vasculitis?
pathology?

Answer 18

type: large-vessel vasculitis
pathology: focal granulomatous, carotid + cranial arteries, elevated ESR

Question 19

Buerger’s disease
signs & sx?
treatment?

Answer 19

signs/symptoms: M smokers -> Raynaud’s -> digit gangrene -> autoamputation
treatment: smoking cessation

Question 20

Churg-Strauss syndrome

signs & sx?

Answer 20

signs/symptoms: asthma, palpable purpura, wrist/foot drop, glomerulonephritis

Question 21

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
signs & sx?
treatment?

Answer 21

signs/symptoms:

• chronic sinusitis
• nasal septal perforation
• hemoptysis/cough
• hematuria w/ RBC casts
  treatment: prednisone, cyclophosphamide

Question 22

Henoch-Schonlein purpura
signs & sx?
treatment?

Answer 22

signs/symptoms: child with URI –> later develops palpable purpura on buttocks, arthalgia, abdominal pain w/ melena, glomerulonephritis

treatment: supportive (usually recover spontaneously)

Question 23

Kawasaki disease
signs & sx?
treatment?

Answer 23

signs/symptoms: young child w/

• fever
• cervical lymphadenopathy
• conjunctival injection
• strawberry tongue
• rash on hands/feet
• desquamating rash

treatment: IVIG, Aspirin

Question 24

microscopic polyangitis
signs & sx?
treatment?

Answer 24

signs/symptoms: lungs, kidneys, glomerulonephritis, palpable purpura
treatment: prednisone, cyclophosphamide

Question 25

Polyarteritis nodosa
association?
signs and sx?
treatment?

Answer 25

association: HBV
signs/symptoms: HTN (renal disease, neurological ∆, cutaneous eruptions)
treatment: prednisone, cyclophosphamide

Question 26

Temporal (giant cell) arteritis
signs & sx?
treatment?
associations?

Answer 26

signs/symptoms: unilateral headache and jaw claudication –> blindness

treatment: high-dose prednisone
association: polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 27

Takayasu’s arteritis
signs & sx?
treatment?

Answer 27

signs/symptoms: asian F < 40 years, weak upper extremity pulses, fever, night sweats, arthritis
treatment: steroids

Question 28

granulomatous vasculitis 4

Answer 28

Temporal (Giant cell)
Takayasu
Wegner’s
Churg Strauss

Question 29

thrombosing vasculitis

Answer 29

Buergers

Question 30

Systemic vasculitis

Answer 30

Henoch Schoen purpura

Question 31

necrotizing vasculitis 3

Answer 31

Microscopic polyangiitis
Wegner’s
Churg Strauss

Question 32

Fibrinoid necrosis vasculitis

Answer 32

polyarteritis nodosa