Cardio Cardiac/Vascular Tumors + Vasculitis Flashcards
Cystic hygroma
what is it?
association?
vascular tumor - cavernous lymphangioma of the neck
Turner syndrome (XO)
Angiosarcoma
causes?
vascular tumor of the H&N and breast areas
causes
- post-radiation therapy
- vinyl chloride
- arsenic
Lymphangiosarcoma
association?
lymphatic malignancy associated with persistent lymphaedema, usually occurs post-radical mastectomy
Cherry hemangioma
vascular tumor - benign capillary hemangioma of the ELDERLY. does not regress, but rather increases with age
Strawberry hemangioma
vascular tumor - benign capillary hemangioma of the INFANCY. Regresses with age
Glomus tumor
derived from? features?
vascular tumor that arises from modified smooth muscle cells of glomus body
benign, painful, red-blue tumors underneath fingernails
Kaposi’s sarcoma
associations?
vascular tumor - associated with HHV8 and HIV
Pyogenic granuloma
causes? features?
vascular tumor caused by trauma and pregnancy; can ulcerate and bleed
Bacillary angiomatosis
associations?
vascular tumor - benign capillary skin papules
associated with AIDs, bartonella henselae infections
Buerger’s disease
type of vasculitis?
pathology?
type: medium-vessel vasculitis
pathology: segmental thrombosing vasculitis
Churg-Strauss syndrome
type of vasculitis?
pathology?
type: small-vessel vasculitis
pathology: granuomatous + vasculitis with EOSINOPHILIA, elevated IgE, p-ANCA
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
type of vasculitis?
pathology?
type: small-vessel vasculitis
pathology:
- necrotizing granulomas in lung+upper airway
- necrotizing vasculitis
- necrotizing glomerulonephritis
- c-ANCA
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
type of vasculitis?
pathology?
type: small-vessel vasculitis
pathology: vasculitis due to IgA complex deposition
Kawasaki disease
type of vasculitis?
pathology?
type: medium-vessel vasculitis
pathology: coronary artery aneurysms -> can rupture leading to infarction
microscopic polyangitis
type of vasculitis?
pathology?
type: small-vessel vasculitis
pathology: necrotizing vasculitis (lungs, kidney, skin - palpable purpura), p-ANCA
Polyarteritis nodosa
type of vasculitis?
pathology?
type: medium-vessel vasculitis
pathology: fibrinoid necrosis (immune complex mediated) w/ transmural inflammation) of renal + visceral arteries
Takayasu’s arteritis
type of vasculitis?
pathology?
type: large-vessel vasculitis
pathology: granulomatous inflammation of aortic arch + proximal great vessels (->luminal narrowing), elevated ESR
Temporal (giant cell) arteritis
type of vasculitis?
pathology?
type: large-vessel vasculitis
pathology: focal granulomatous, carotid + cranial arteries, elevated ESR
Buerger’s disease
signs & sx?
treatment?
signs/symptoms: M smokers -> Raynaud’s -> digit gangrene -> autoamputation
treatment: smoking cessation
Churg-Strauss syndrome
signs & sx?
signs/symptoms: asthma, palpable purpura, wrist/foot drop, glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s)
signs & sx?
treatment?
signs/symptoms:
- chronic sinusitis
- nasal septal perforation
- hemoptysis/cough
- hematuria w/ RBC casts
treatment: prednisone, cyclophosphamide
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
signs & sx?
treatment?
signs/symptoms: child with URI –> later develops palpable purpura on buttocks, arthalgia, abdominal pain w/ melena, glomerulonephritis
treatment: supportive (usually recover spontaneously)
Kawasaki disease
signs & sx?
treatment?
signs/symptoms: young child w/
- fever
- cervical lymphadenopathy
- conjunctival injection
- strawberry tongue
- rash on hands/feet
- desquamating rash
treatment: IVIG, Aspirin
microscopic polyangitis
signs & sx?
treatment?
signs/symptoms: lungs, kidneys, glomerulonephritis, palpable purpura
treatment: prednisone, cyclophosphamide
