GI/GU tracts

Question 1

eosinophilic esophagitis mechanism

Answer 1

allergic
Symptoms similar to GERD
Treatment
RX: avoidance of food allergens/ steroids

Question 2

Echogenic bowel on prenatal ultrasound

enema shows microcolon from disuse

Answer 2

CF with meconium ileus

Question 3

The most serious complication of ulcerative

colitis is___________-

Answer 3

toxic megacolon, ↑ risk of intestinal perforation

Question 4

intussusception work up

Answer 4

air, barium, or saline enema
therapeutic as well as diagnostic
hydrostatic effects reduce the intussusception

Question 5

Most common cause of bacterial sinusitis

Answer 5

strep pneumo

Question 6

CF men are infertile because?

Answer 6

congenital absence of vas deferens

Question 7

What does rubella have that measles does not?

Answer 7

arthritis= rubella

measles will have a high fever

Question 8

When do teeth erupt

Answer 8

5 to 7 months- mandibular then maxillary

Question 9

weaning from the bottle should be discussed with the parents toward the _________ (time)

Answer 9

end of the first year of life

Question 10

What does charcol not work on?

Answer 10

Compounds not adsorbed by charcoal: 
alcohols
acids/ strong bases ( drain cleaners/ oven cleaners)
ferrous sulfate
cyanide
lithium
potassium

Question 11

Labial adhesion rx

Answer 11

estrogen cream x 1 week

Question 12

Cause of diabetes insipidus

Answer 12

primary unresponsiveness of the distal tubule

and collecting duct to vasopressin.

Question 13

Fanconi syndrome

Answer 13

collection of abnormalities arising from the defective transport of water, sodium, potassium, glucose, phosphate, bicarbonate, and amino acids from the kidneys

Question 14

Fanconi syndrome acid base

Answer 14

metabolic acidosis (proximal renal tubular acidosis).

Question 15

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) type 1 is a distal RTA, and has a___________, as does RTA type 4.

Answer 15

positive urine anion gap

Question 16

diagnosed in a child with absent abdominal muscular tone, undescended testes, and urinary tract anomalies including hydronephrosis and dilated ureters and bladder

Answer 16

Prune belly syndrome

Question 17

intermediate stage between acute pyelonephritis and renal abscess, and is a focal region of interstitial nephritis. It appears as a wedge of poorly perfused renal parenchyma, without a cortical rim sign.

Answer 17

Lobar nephronia

rx: prolonged IV and then PO antibiotics

Question 18

Generalized reabsorptive defect in PCT.

Associated with ↑ excretion of nearly all amino acids, glucose

Answer 18

Fanconi syndrome

Question 19

results from IgA deposits within the mesangium of the glomerulus in the absence of systemic disease; it can
be associated with microscopic or gross hematuria

Answer 19

Berger nephropathy (IgA nephropathy)

Question 20

pulmonary hemorrhages in addition to the signs and symptoms of glomerulonephritis

Answer 20

Goodpasture syndrome

Question 21

Lobar nephronia

Answer 21

intermediate stage between acute pyelonephritis and renal abscess, and is a focal region of interstitial nephritis. It appears as a wedge of poorly perfused renal parenchyma, without a cortical rim sign.

Question 22

Prune belly syndrome

Answer 22

diagnosed in a child with absent abdominal muscular tone, undescended testes, and urinary tract anomalies including hydronephrosis and dilated ureters and bladder

Question 23

Fanconi syndrome causes

Answer 23

Wilson disease, tyrosinemia, glycogen storage disease, cystinosis

ischemia

multiple myeloma

nephrotoxins/drugs (eg, ifosfamide, cisplatin, tenofovir,
expired tetracyclines)

lead poisoning.