Bae-baes

Question 1

Prenatal exposure to ethanol s/s

Answer 1

• small
• microcephaly
• small palpebral fissures -short nose
• smooth philtrum
• thin upper lip
• ptosis
• microphthalmia
• cleft lip and palate
• CNS abnormalities

Question 2

Common findings with trisomy 21 include

Answer 2

• protruding tongue
• Brushfield spots
• brachycephaly
• small ears
• VSD or endocardial Cushing defect
• clinodactyly of the fifth digit.

Question 3

small, white or grayish/brown spots on the periphery of the iris in the human eye

Answer 3

Brushfield spots

down’s syndrome

can be normal

Question 4

choanal atresia

Answer 4

congenital

back of the nasal passage (choana) is blocked from failed recanalization of the nasal fossae

responds to treatment but lethal if unrecognized/ untreated.

s/s: increased breathing difficulty during feeding and sleeping and improved
respirations when crying

Question 5

Per CDC, varicella-zoster immunoglobulin should be given to infant after delivery if

Answer 5

the mother had the onset of varicella within 5 days prior to delivery

or

upon diagnosis if her chicken pox started within 2 days after delivery

If a normal newborn is exposed 2+ days
postnatally, VZIG not necessary–> no greater risk for complications vs older children

Question 6

__________ may be used in infants at risk for severe varicella, such as those infants exposed perinatally.

Answer 6

Acyclovir

Question 7

contraindications

to breast-feeding

Answer 7

Active TB 
HIV
malaria
typhoid fever
septicemia

Mothers taking antineoplastics

Question 8

Apt test

Answer 8

differentiates fetal from adult
hemoglobin in a bloody specimen

Hematemesis/ melena are
not uncommon in neonatal period, especially if placental bleeding occurred at delivery.

Question 9

Medications that are clearly contraindicated in breastfeeding include

Answer 9

lithium
tetracycline
cyclosporin
antineoplastics
 illicit drugs 
amphetamines
ergotamines 
bromocriptine

Question 10

Hemolytic disease and jaundice caused by a major blood-group incompatibility

Answer 10

less severe than with Rh incompatibility

weakly + direct Coombs test

Question 11

necrotizing enterocolitis s/s

Answer 11

feeding intolerance and a distended abdomen

1/4 have grossly bloody stool

Question 12

necrotizing enterocolitis rx

Answer 12

Stopping feeds, IV fluids, serial abdominal films, systemic antibiotics

free air / infant clinically worsens with medical management–> surgical consultation

Question 13

short bowel syndrome

Answer 13

malabsorption caused ↓ fxn small intestine.

s/s diarrhea, dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss

Mostly due to the surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine

Question 14

The small-for-dates infants have a higher incidence of

Answer 14

major congenital anomalies ↑ risk for future growth retardation

Question 15

Periodic breathing

Answer 15

common pattern of respiration in low-birth-weight babies

characterized by recurrent breathing pauses 3 - 10 seco

Question 16

Apneic episodes are characterized by an absence of respirations for more than ______

Answer 16

20 seconds

may be accompanied by bradycardia and cyanosis.

Question 17

galactosemia s/s

Answer 17

jaundice/hepatomegaly/cirrhosis
hypoglycemia/convulsions
lethargy
feeding problems/ poor weight gain
aminoaciduria
cataracts
 retardation

Question 18

galactosemia rx

Answer 18

early galactose avoidance

use soy formula

Question 19

most commonly fractured bone in the delivery process.

Answer 19

The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone in the delivery process.

Question 20

Initial presentation of a fractured clavicle in infancy may include

Answer 20

pseudoparalysis–>
refuses to move the ipsilateral arm
mimicking an Erb-Duchenne paralysis.

Question 21

Erb-Duchenne paralysis affects the________- cervical nerves

Answer 21

fifth and sixth cervical nerves

Question 22

Injury to the 7th and 8th cervical and first thoracic nerves results in

Answer 22

(Klumpke paralysis)

palsy of the hand and also can produce Horner syndrome

Question 23

When paralysis of an upper extremity from injury to the

brachial plexus is found in a neonate, injury to the ________ should also be suspected

Answer 23

phrenic nerve

Question 24

subgaleal or subaponeurotic

hemorrhage

Answer 24

-can be life threatening, observation in ICU recommended

-infants may lose 1/3 +
blood volume into this potential space

-feels like a cephalohematoma

Question 25

A blood glucose level of _______in a full-term infant is probably normal during the 1st postnatal day

Answer 25

30 to 40 mg/dL

Question 26

A persistent venous hct of ______ in a neonate = polycythemia

Answer 26

greater than 65%

↑ blood viscosity

“hyperviscosity syndrome” –> tremulousness–> seizure

rx: phlebotomy

Question 27

A transient, longitudinal division of the body into a red half and a pale half

Answer 27

harlequin color change

often demonstrated by normal infants ~10%

Question 28

Diaphragmatic hernia rx

Answer 28

Mortality~ 50% despite aggressive treatment:

respiratory support and ECMO

lung remains hypoplastic after surgery

Question 29

Mother of a baby is a carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg-positive). INfant risk/rx?

Answer 29

infant of a carrier of HBsAg has a ↑ risk of infection

Combined passive-active
immunoprophylaxis in the form of hep B immune globulin and hep B vaccine –> protection to baby

Question 30

kernicterus is rare in term infants whose bilirubin level is kept below _______

Answer 30

18 to 20 mg/dL

Question 31

temperature instability in a term infant is frequently a sign of

Answer 31

serious infection.

s/s of serious neonate infection 
lethargy
feeding problems abdominal distention
NVD
temperature instability respiratory distress
apnea
jaundice