Bae-baes Flashcards
Prenatal exposure to ethanol s/s
- small
- microcephaly
- small palpebral fissures -short nose
- smooth philtrum
- thin upper lip
- ptosis
- microphthalmia
- cleft lip and palate
- CNS abnormalities
Common findings with trisomy 21 include
- protruding tongue
- Brushfield spots
- brachycephaly
- small ears
- VSD or endocardial Cushing defect
- clinodactyly of the fifth digit.
small, white or grayish/brown spots on the periphery of the iris in the human eye
Brushfield spots
down’s syndrome
can be normal
choanal atresia
congenital
back of the nasal passage (choana) is blocked from failed recanalization of the nasal fossae
responds to treatment but lethal if unrecognized/ untreated.
s/s: increased breathing difficulty during feeding and sleeping and improved
respirations when crying
Per CDC, varicella-zoster immunoglobulin should be given to infant after delivery if
the mother had the onset of varicella within 5 days prior to delivery
or
upon diagnosis if her chicken pox started within 2 days after delivery
If a normal newborn is exposed 2+ days
postnatally, VZIG not necessary–> no greater risk for complications vs older children
__________ may be used in infants at risk for severe varicella, such as those infants exposed perinatally.
Acyclovir
contraindications
to breast-feeding
Active TB HIV malaria typhoid fever septicemia
Mothers taking antineoplastics
Apt test
differentiates fetal from adult
hemoglobin in a bloody specimen
Hematemesis/ melena are
not uncommon in neonatal period, especially if placental bleeding occurred at delivery.
Medications that are clearly contraindicated in breastfeeding include
lithium tetracycline cyclosporin antineoplastics illicit drugs amphetamines ergotamines bromocriptine
Hemolytic disease and jaundice caused by a major blood-group incompatibility
less severe than with Rh incompatibility
weakly + direct Coombs test
necrotizing enterocolitis s/s
feeding intolerance and a distended abdomen
1/4 have grossly bloody stool
necrotizing enterocolitis rx
Stopping feeds, IV fluids, serial abdominal films, systemic antibiotics
free air / infant clinically worsens with medical management–> surgical consultation
short bowel syndrome
malabsorption caused ↓ fxn small intestine.
s/s diarrhea, dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss
Mostly due to the surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine
The small-for-dates infants have a higher incidence of
major congenital anomalies ↑ risk for future growth retardation
Periodic breathing
common pattern of respiration in low-birth-weight babies
characterized by recurrent breathing pauses 3 - 10 seco
Apneic episodes are characterized by an absence of respirations for more than ______
20 seconds
may be accompanied by bradycardia and cyanosis.
galactosemia s/s
jaundice/hepatomegaly/cirrhosis hypoglycemia/convulsions lethargy feeding problems/ poor weight gain aminoaciduria cataracts retardation
galactosemia rx
early galactose avoidance
use soy formula
most commonly fractured bone in the delivery process.
The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone in the delivery process.
Initial presentation of a fractured clavicle in infancy may include
pseudoparalysis–>
refuses to move the ipsilateral arm
mimicking an Erb-Duchenne paralysis.
Erb-Duchenne paralysis affects the________- cervical nerves
fifth and sixth cervical nerves
Injury to the 7th and 8th cervical and first thoracic nerves results in
(Klumpke paralysis)
palsy of the hand and also can produce Horner syndrome
When paralysis of an upper extremity from injury to the
brachial plexus is found in a neonate, injury to the ________ should also be suspected
phrenic nerve
subgaleal or subaponeurotic
hemorrhage
-can be life threatening, observation in ICU recommended
-infants may lose 1/3 +
blood volume into this potential space
-feels like a cephalohematoma
A blood glucose level of _______in a full-term infant is probably normal during the 1st postnatal day
30 to 40 mg/dL
A persistent venous hct of ______ in a neonate = polycythemia
greater than 65%
↑ blood viscosity
“hyperviscosity syndrome” –> tremulousness–> seizure
rx: phlebotomy
A transient, longitudinal division of the body into a red half and a pale half
harlequin color change
often demonstrated by normal infants ~10%
Diaphragmatic hernia rx
Mortality~ 50% despite aggressive treatment:
respiratory support and ECMO
lung remains hypoplastic after surgery
Mother of a baby is a carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg-positive). INfant risk/rx?
infant of a carrier of HBsAg has a ↑ risk of infection
Combined passive-active
immunoprophylaxis in the form of hep B immune globulin and hep B vaccine –> protection to baby
kernicterus is rare in term infants whose bilirubin level is kept below _______
18 to 20 mg/dL
temperature instability in a term infant is frequently a sign of
serious infection.
s/s of serious neonate infection lethargy feeding problems abdominal distention NVD temperature instability respiratory distress apnea jaundice
