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Pediatric Shelf > endo > Flashcards

endo Flashcards

1
Q

Tanner stage 1

A

no hair

girls: raised nipple

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2
Q

tanner stage 2

A

pubic hair appears

girls: breast bud
boys: testis enlargement

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3
Q

tanner stage 3

A

pubic hair coarsening (not on thigh)

girls: breasts start mounding
boys: penis ↑

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4
Q

Tanner stage 4

A

pubic hair not on thigh

girls: breasts are mound on mound
boys: penis ↑

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5
Q

Tanner stage 5

A

pubic hair on thigh

adult tanner

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6
Q

When can you cross percentile lines without concern?

A

infancy

puberty

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7
Q

Pediatric Hypothyroidism most likely cause?

A

Hashimoto

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8
Q

How to test:

type 1 vs type 2 DM

A

auto-islet antibodies

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9
Q

HCM murmur

A

S4, systolic murmur
can have mitral regurgitation

asymmetric septal hypertrophy and systolic anterior motion of mitral valve–> outflow obstruction –> dyspnea, possible syncope.

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10
Q

What is S4

A

S4—in late diastole (“atrial kick”)

↑ atrial pressure- Associated with ventricular noncompliance (eg, hypertrophy)

Left atrium must push against stiff LV wall

Best heard at apex with patient in left lateral decubitus
position

Consider abnormal, regardless of age

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11
Q

What is S3

A

S3—in early diastole during rapid ventricular
filling phase.

Associated with ↑ filling pressures (eg, mitral regurgitation, HF)

more common in dilated ventricles

can be normal in children and young adults

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12
Q

S1 vs S2

A

S1—mitral and tricuspid valve closure. Loudest
at mitral area.

S2—aortic and pulmonary valve closure.
Loudest at left upper sternal border.

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13
Q

S2 is?

A

S2—aortic and pulmonary valve closure.

Loudest at left upper sternal border.

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14
Q

S1 is?

A

S1—mitral and tricuspid valve closure. Loudest at mitral area.

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15
Q

a reentrant tachycardia with abrupt onset and termination

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White

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16
Q

Concussion grades

A

1- (mild) concussions, no,LOC, return to baseline in 15 min

2- moderate concussions, no LOC, return to baseline > 15 min

3- sever concussion, has LOC

17
Q

contraindications to sports participation

A

one eye, hemophilia, single kidney, and unexplained syncope

18
Q

Prehn sign

A

elicited by lifting the scrotum toward the symphysis.

Pain relief = epididymitis

Pain worse= torsion

19
Q

Inguinal adenopathy that suppurates and causes chronic draining of sinuses is commonly seen in chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

20
Q

Gaucher disease is characterized by __________ deficiency

A

Gaucher= β-glucocerebrosidase deficiency

Bone marrow aspirate shows the Gaucher cells engorged w/ glucocerebroside

21
Q

Niemann-Pick disease deficiency

A

Sphingomyelinase deficiency

22
Q

Erlenmeyer-flask appearance of the long bones

A

Gaucher disease

23
Q

Neonatal thyrotoxicosis exposure

A
  • TSH does NOT cross the placenta

- maternally-acquired thyrotropin receptor-stimulating antibody (TRSAb) does (mom=graves)

24
Q

Neonatal thyrotoxicosis s/s

A 
tachycardia and tachypnea
irritability /hyperactivity
↓ birth weight
 microcephaly
 severe NVD
 thrombocytopenia
jaundice/hepatosplenomegaly
heart failure
25
Q

true precocious puberty

A

s/s: premature telarche, vaginal bleeding, pubic hair, body odor, and acne

most= idiopathic (GnRH tumor possible)

GnRH analogs= effective therapy.

26
Q

Puberty is said to be delayed in males if physical changes are not apparent by __________

A

by 14 years of age- Puberty is said to be delayed in males if physical changes are not apparent

male pubertal development -penile length > 2.5 cm; testicular volume> 3.0 cm^3

27
Q

Bone age in constitutionally short stature with delayed pubertal maturation?

A

Bone age =best test for constitutionally short stature with delayed pubertal maturation:

bone age=height age
* both of which are behind chronologic age.

28
Q

Bone age in familial short stature?

A

bone age > height age

bone age= chronologic age.

29
Q

Cardiac lesions are found in Down syndrome, including

A
  • Endocardial cushion defect
  • VSD
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • each occur ~ 30%
30
Q

Cushing abnormality

A

The basic abnormality, however, is thought to be in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, NOT the adrenal gland

31
Q

These boy patients have many features in common with Turner syndrome

A

Noonan syndrome

*occurs in both genders

Other features=, pulmonary stenosis, edema hands /feet, hearing loss, pectus excavatum, and mental retardation

32
Q

deficiency in Hurler

A

α-L-iduronidase deficiency

features: umbilical hernia, kyphoscoliosis, deafness,
cloudy corneas, and claw hand deformity. Death is common from resp depression

Pediatric Shelf (12 decks)

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