Cardio

Question 1

Jones criteria

Answer 1

carditis, arthritis
erythema marginatum
chorea
subcutaneous nodules
arthralgia

Question 2

Tetralogy of Fallot consists of

Answer 2

right ventricular outflow obstruction-pulmonary stenosis
VSD
dextroposition of the aorta (over VSD)
right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 3

fixed split-second heart sound

Answer 3

ASD

progressive evidence of heart failure if the flow across the ASD is large enough

Question 4

constant, machine-like murmur

Answer 4

PDA

Question 5

asymptomatic subcutaneous edema

edema in the gastrointestinal tract

Answer 5

Hereditary angioedema

Question 6

harsh or blowing holosystolic murmur best heard along the left lower sternum

Answer 6

VSD

Question 7

mid-diastolic rumble at the lower left sternal border;

Answer 7

tricuspid regurgitation

Question 8

What does it mean to have a cardiac gallop

Answer 8

S3 or S4 are present

Question 9

Congestive heart failure from any cause can result in mild _________

Answer 9

cyanosis

Question 10

characterized by
rapid heart rate
little rate variability
consistent P wave for each QRS complex

Answer 10

Supraventricular tachycardia

Question 11

Supraventricular tachycardia first line treatment

Answer 11

stimulate the vagus nerve–> carotid massage, immersion of the face in cold water, or voluntary
straining

Rapid IV adenosine if the maneuvers are not successful.

Question 12

Transthoracic pacing is typically useful in ______________

Answer 12

bradyarrhythmias.

Question 13

A precordial thump might help individuals with

an acute arrest from _____________

Answer 13

ventricular fibrillation

Question 14

downward displacement of the tricuspid valve

Answer 14

Ebstein anomaly

The presence of right atrial hypertrophy and right
ventricular conduction defects confirms the diagnosis.

Question 15

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ecg

Answer 15

aberrant AV conduction pathway –> early ventricular depolarization

ECG–> shortened PR interval

The initial slow ventricular depolarization wave= delta wave.

Question 16

spindle-shaped swelling of finger joints

associated with spiking high fevers and diffuse rash

Answer 16

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

either polyarthritis/ pauciarticular or systemic
disease

Question 17

Patients with tricuspid atresia typically have a hypoplastic RV, and therefore the ECG shows ____________

Answer 17

left-axis deviation and left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 18

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Answer 18

all four pulmonary veins are malpositioned and make anomalous connections to the systemic venous circulation

Question 19

apical murmur is noted late in systole, which can

be preceded by a click.

Answer 19

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 20

___________ will help keep the ductus patent until a surgical procedure can be performed.

Answer 20

Prostaglandin E1

Question 21

APGAR score

Answer 21

appearance 
pulse
grimace
activity 
respirations 

Apgar scores < 7 require further eva

Question 22

APGAR score

appearance

Answer 22

2= pink
1= blue extremities 
0= cyanosis

Question 23

APGAR score

pulse

Answer 23

2= > 200 
1= <100
0= no pulse

Question 24

APGAR score

grimace

Answer 24

2= Cries and pulls away
1= Grimaces or weak cry
0= no response

Question 25

APGAR score

activity

Answer 25

2= Active movement 
1= Arms, legs flexed 
0= No movement

Question 26

APGAR score

respirations

Answer 26

2= Strong cry 
1= Slow, irregular 
0= No breathing

Question 27

Pincer grasp age

Answer 27

9 months

Question 28

Legg disease

Answer 28

Legg disease= femoral avascular necrosis in kids