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Pharmacology > GI drugs > Flashcards

GI drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Antacids?

A

To neutralised secreted acids, increases the pH and inhibits the activity of peptic enzymes.

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2
Q

How do antihistamine reduce secretion of gastric acid?

A

Competitively inhibits H2 receptors of the parietal cells.

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3
Q

Name two proton pump inhibitors and explain the mechanism of action.

A

Omeprazole & Esopremazole. Irreversibly blocks the H+/K+ ATPase of the parietal cells.

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4
Q

Explain the mechanism of action of Misoprostol and give two examples.

A

It promotes secretion of mucus from epithelial cells in the stomach and inhibits gastric acid secretion from gastric parietal cells. And it increases the secretion of bicarbonate, blood flow and cell regeneration.
Omeprazole & Esopremazole.

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5
Q

What are the side effects of Misoprostol?

A

Diarrhoea, abdominal cramping, dysregulated menstruation, teratogenic.

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6
Q

Explain the mechanism of action of Sucralfate?

A

Forms an ulcer adherent complex with the protein exudate at the ulcer site.

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7
Q

What is the normal treatment for Helicopbacter pylori?

A

Triple therapy: Proton pump inhibitor+clarithromycin or metronidazole or tetracycline + amoxicillin.

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8
Q

What type of drug are used to treat vomiting?

A

Antihistamines, muscarinic antagonists, 5-HT receptor antagonists, D2 receptor antagonists, NK1 antagonists.

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9
Q

Which drugs are used to reduce vomiting after drugs and surgery?

A

D2 receptor antagonists, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists.

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10
Q

Which drug is used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting?

A

NK1 antagonists.

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11
Q

Which drugs are used to treat motion sickness?

A

Muscarinic antagonists.

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12
Q

What is Salfasalzaline used for?

A

It is used to treat chronic bowel diseases. May reduce inflammation by scavenging free radical, inhibiting prostaglandin production, leukotriene production and neutrophil chemotaxis.

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13
Q

What is Azathioprine used for?

A

Chronic bowel diseases. Suppresses both antibody mediated and immune reaction. Inhibits the clonal proliferation during the induction phase of the immune response by a cytotoxic action on dividing cells.

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14
Q

Name 3 peptic disorder.

A

Gstroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, ulcers.

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of GERD?

A

Heartburn, regurgitation, dry cough, asthma symptoms and trouble swallowing.

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16
Q

What are the causes of GERD?

A

Infection, injury, drugs (NSAIDs), diorders of the immune systems.

17
Q

How is helicobacter pylori infection treated?

A

Lifestyle changes: diet, weight loss, decrease smoking and alcohol habits.

Pharmacological: neutralize secreted acid, decrease the secretion of gastric acid, protect the mucosa, attack the helicobacter pylori.

18
Q

Name two histamine H2 receptor antagonists.

A

Ranitidin & Famotidin.

19
Q

What are the side effects of Histamine H2 receptor antagonists?

A

Diarrhoea, dizziness, muscle pain an alopecia.

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of misoprostol?

A

Promotes protective mucus secretion from epithelial cels in the stomach and inhibits gastric acid secretion from parietal cells, it also increases the secretion of bicarbonate, blood flow and cell regeneration.

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of antihistamine H1 receptor antagonist?

A

Antagonist of histamine H1 receptor, may also have antimuscarinic effects and block some 5-HT receptor subtypes.

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of NK1 antagonists?

A

They augment the effect of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist .

23
Q

What are bulk laxatives?

A

Include methylcellulosa and extracts. They are non-absorbable, non-breakable polysaccharide polymers that form a hydrated mass in the gut lumen. Promotes peristalsis and improves faecal consistency.

24
Q

What are stimulant laxatives?

A

Increase electrolyte and hence water secretion, stimulate the enteric nerves –> peristalsis.

25
Q

Name 3 chronic bowel diseases.

A

Irritable bowel disease, ulcerate colitis and Crohn’s disease.

26
Q

What are the treatments for Crohns disease?

A

Anti-inflammatory agents: 5-ASA compounds and glucocorticoids, topical antibiotics and immune-modulators.

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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