Antipsychotic drugs

Question 1

Name to traditional antipsychotic drugs.

Answer 1

Haloperidol (Haldol) & Chlorpomazine (Hibernal)

Question 2

Which receptors does Hibernal bind to?

Answer 2

High affinity for D2 and alpha 1. Medium affinity for D1, H1, M2.

Question 3

Which receptors does Haldol bind to?

Answer 3

D2

Question 4

What are atypical antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 4

They have an antipsychotic effect but no EPS. They block D2-receptors, block 5-HT2a-receptors and activate the NMDA-receptor.

Question 5

Name an atypical drug and which receptor it binds to.

Answer 5

Clozapine, high affinity for 5-HT2a, D4. Medium affinity for D1, D2, alpha 1, alpha 2, M2, H1. And it activates NMDA -receptors.

Question 6

Name 4 second generation AP.

Answer 6

Olazapin (Zyprexa), Quetiapin (Seroquel), Risperidon (Risperdal), Ziprasidon (Zeldox).

Question 7

Explain the dopamine hypothesis.

Answer 7

Patients with schizophrenia release more dopamine following amphetamine. Amphetamine and L-DOPA can induce psychosis.

Question 8

What are the side effects of chlorpromazine?

Answer 8

EPS, sedative and antiemetic effects, hypotension and prolactin-gynecomasty.

Question 9

What are the side effects of Haloperidol?

Answer 9

EPS and anti-emetic effects.

Question 10

Explain the glutamate deficiency hypothesis (PCP-model).

Answer 10

Patients with schizophrenia have low levels of CSF glutamate.

Question 11

Explain the Kynurenic acid hypothesis

Answer 11

Kynurenic acid is an endogenous glutamate receptor antagonist. Kynurenic acid in produce in the brain and patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have higher levels of CSF kynurenuc acid.