GI bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of patients are at risk for a GI bleed?

A

-elderly
-anticoagulant users
-NSAID users
-people with Chrons
-alcoholics
-pregnant people b/c vomiting
-people getting surgery
-people with high stress
-people with bowel obstruction or infection

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2
Q

Most common sources of upper GI bleeds

A

-gastric ulcers
-duodenal ulcers

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3
Q

diagnoses that can lead to a GI bleed

A

-Mallory Weiss tear
-angiodysplasia or AVMs
-liver failure (esophageal varices)
-cardiovascular diseases
-GI cancers
-diverticulitis
-trauma
-anemias (blood disorders)

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4
Q

key GI assessment findings

A

melena, hematochezia, “coffee-ground” emesis; pain may or may not be reported

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5
Q

skin assessment findings

A

pallor, clammy, poor turgor

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6
Q

neuro assessment findings

A

weakness, lethargy

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7
Q

diagnostic procedures for GI bleed

A

-serum lab testing
-guaiac motility studies
-endoscopic procedures
-manometry and electrophysiologic studies

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8
Q

nursing interventions for diagnostic procedure

A

-inform the primary provider or known medical conditions or abnormal lab values that may affect the procedure

-assess for adequate hydration before, during, and immediately after the procedure, and provide education about maintenance of hydration

-provide health information and procedural education to the patients and loved ones

-provide instructions about post procedure care and activity restrictions

-help the patient cope with discomfort and alleviate anxiety

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9
Q

gi bleeding management

A

-remove bleeding source if possible (medications, substances, control of comorbid conditions)

-medication management (meds: PPIs & others, transfusion when warranted, fluid management)

-management post procedure (airway integrity, post procedure dietary restrictions)

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10
Q

GI bleed vital signs

A

-BP: hypotensive
-HR tachycardia
-RR tachypnea
-temp normal unless infection

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11
Q

sengestaken-blakemore tube

A

-tube used to stop bleeding with pressure
- primary concern is airway so pt might need ventilator

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