GI and Surgical Abdomen Flashcards
Name 2 risk factors for inguinal hernia
male sex and pre-term
What is the treatment for an unincarcerated umbilical hernia?
none, wait to see if it resolves until age 5
When does pyloric stenosis occur?
first 6 mos of life, usually at 1mth
What are 2 risk factors and the most common sx for pyloric stenosis?
1st born, male, projectile vomiting (after each feeding)
What is the classic triad in pyloric stenosis, seen on labs?
hypochloremia, hypokalemia, met. alkalosis
True or false: intussusception presents w/abdominal tenderness.
FALSE!
What is a late finding of intussusception and what does it indicate?
currant jelly stool, bowel necrosis
What are 3 sx’s of intussusception?
vomiting, diarrhea, cramping abd. pain, lethargy/AMS, currant jelly stool
How do you treat intussusception?
air/contrast enema, surgery if necrotic
What is the MC site of intussusception?
ileocolic (ileum goes into cecum)
What is the most useful test in acute appendicitis?
CT w/IV, oral, rectal contrast
What is the most common indication for emergent surgery in children?
acute appendicitis
What complication of appendicitis is more common in children/infants than adults?
perforation
What is the Dx in an infant w/yellow or green emesis?
malrotation w/midgut volvulus until proven otherwise
At what age does most volvulus occur?
1st month of life
What are the patterns of stooling in breastfed vs formula fed infants?
breastfed up to 8x’s/d, formula 1-2. Mean is 4.
T or F: absence of stools in 7-10d is pathologic in an infant
false, not uncommon
________ constipation accounts for 95% of constipation
Functional, non-organic
Give 3 examples of functional constipation
Diet changes: cow’s milk, solid foods, breast to formula; toileting; starting school
Tx for functional constipation?
anticipatory guidance, lactulose (6mos +), prune juice, mineral oil, PEG, glycerin suppositories, AVOID enemas
Give 3 examples of organic constipation
Hirshsprung’s dz, botulism, lead poisoning, cow’s milk, cystic fibrosis, hypothyroid, low birth wt, neuro disability, spinal dysraphism
What’s the gold standard dx for Hirschsprung’s dz (aganglionosis)?
rectal biopsy
Tx of Hirschsprung’s?
excision, re-anastomosis, colostomy, reversal
Sx’s of hypothyroidism?
lethargy, hoarse cry, feeding problems, macroglossia, dry skin, umbilical hernia
