Eyes, ENT, Dental Flashcards
What causes ophthalmia neonatorum?
Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, E. coli, herpes simplex, and other bacterial causes
What causes bacterial conjunctivitis?
S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. cattarhalis, P. aeruginosa (contact lenses)
What are systemic causes of conjunctivitis?
Kawasaki’s, Stevens-Johnson, Reiter, auto-immune disorders
When do teeth start to erupt?
6mos old, 1st dental visit is 6mos after 1st teeth
Who needs prophylactic dental abx?
peds w/heart and valve disease, immunocompromised
What is the average number of colds kids get each year?
6-10, up to 12 if in daycare or school
What are the sx’s of Strep pharyngitis?
fever, petechiae, tonsillar exudates, strawberry tongue, tender cervical LAD, HA, abd pain, vomiting, NO cough, NO rhinorrhea
What are complications of strep pharyngitis?
scarlet fever (rash), peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscess, rheumatic fever, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (not prevented by PCN)
What percentage of sinusitis cases resolve on their own?
50%
What are signs of orbital (post septal) cellulitis?
proptosis, resistance to retropulsion, eyelid edema, ophthalmoplegia, impaired EOMs, vision loss
What are signs of periorbital cellulitis (preseptal)?
pain, eyelid edema, excessive tearing (epiphora), blurred vision
What are signs of mastoiditis?
fever, post-auricular pain, displaced pinna anterior/lateral, recent otitis media (unrelated to abx tx)
What is the tx for mastoiditis?
hospitalize! IV abx ceftriaxone or clinda
Complications of mastoiditis?
meningitis, facial n palsy, cavernous sinus thrombosis, thrombophlebitis
What is the condition where the eyes are not properly aligned?
Strabismus. Esotropia=inward (medial) Exotropia=outward (lateral)
What does the red-reflex test for?
glaucoma, cataracts, retinal abnormalities, retinoblastoma
When does objective vision testing start?
3yrs old–Allen object, E chart, Snellen if appropriate
What is a hyphema?
bleeding in the anterior chamber from trauma or coagulopathy–refer!
What is the DDx for retinal hemorrhages?
shaken baby syndrome, coagulopathy, change in ICP, normal after birth
When should you refer nasolacrimal duct obstruction?
if persists to 1yo or if constant tearing/drainage
What are s/sx’s of dacryocystitis?
pain, erythema, edema, purulent d/c, epiphora, fever,
