Cardiology Flashcards
What is the MCC of chest pain in peds?
Musculoskeletal
Chest pain red flags in peds?
pain on exertion, acutely worseings, pain + fever, cardiac or respiratory findings that need referral
What are causes of musculoskeletal pain?
muscle strain, trauma/fx, slipping rib, precordial catch, costochondritis
What are pulmonary/respiratory causes of chest pain?
asthma, PNA, pneumothorax, CF, pleurisy, PE, pulm HTN, acute chest syndrome (sickle cell)
Other non-cardiac causes of chest pain?
reflux esophagitis, fibrocystic breasts, FB, mastitis, Pg, psychogenic
What is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?
autosomal dominant d/o,
systolic murmur worsening w/ change from lying to standing or w/ squat/Valsalva
procedures that reduce blood return to ventricles (reduce preload),
pain with exertion
S/sx’s pericarditis?
fever, resp distress, sharp substernal pain–improves when sitting up, friction rub, JVD,
S/sx’s of myocarditis?
pain, fever, vomiting, gallop, tachy, orthostasis, cardiomegaly
What is the MCC pediatric arrhythmia?
supraventricular tachycardia
What does “intensity” of a murmur describe?
the volume, grade I-VI, IV is palpable, VI is w/o stethoscope
Which murmurs are abnormal?
diastolic, holosystolic, and continuous
Which murmurs are innocent?
Still’s vibratory, venous hum, carotid bruit, systolic ejection, peripheral pulmonary stenosis
What is the MC congenital heart defect?
ventricular septal defect VSD
What are s/sx’s of VSD?
small=asx + murmur, large = 2-8wks old, fatigue, diaphoresis, labored breathing, poor growth, pansystolic murmur, LVH
What are s/sx’s of endocarditis?
fever, chest pain, tachy, murmur, petechiae, arthritis, HSM, wt loss, bacteremia, hematuria, elevated inflammatory markers
S/sx’s of Rheumatic fever (JCNES)?
Joints-polyarthritis (migratory), Carditis, Nodules, Erythema marginatum, Sydenham’s chorea…Minor criteria: arthralgia, prev rheumatic fever, fever, elevated ESR/CRP/WBCs, long PR interval
What are the 4 defects of tetralogy of Fallot?
ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, Rt ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta
What are s/sx’s of coarctation of the aorta?
absent femoral pulses, murumur, lethargy, poor feeding, hypertension, often w/PDA or VSD
What are s/sx’s of tetralogy of Fallot?
cyanosis (Tet spells), poor feeding, failure to thrive, clubbing, scoliosis, hemoptysis, systolic murmurs, aortic ejection click
