Dermatology Flashcards
What causes impetigo?
Bullous = Staph aureus Non-bullous = strep pyogenes +/- S. aureus
Sx’s of impetigo?
red bumps, turn in to vesicles or bullae that form honey crust when erupt, on face & extremities, often after minor trauma
How do you treat impetigo?
Most often–topical abx: clindamycin, mupirocin, Altabax. Oral abx if widespread infxn (Bactrim, clindamycin, cephalexin (not MRSA))
What is cellulitis & what causes it?
acute, edematous, suppurative inflammation of subQ tissues w/ or w/o abscess. Caused by S. aureus, S. pyogenes. Often from trauma.
What is molluscum contagiosum?
caused by molluscum contagiosum virus (poxviridae): umbilicated skin colored papules usually resolve in 6-9mos
What is hand foot and mouth dz?
caused by coxsackie A virus, occurs in summer, macules in mouth (painful)/hands/feet, fever/malaise/sore throat, results in dehydration, tx is supportive
What is 5th disease?
Parvovirus B19/erythema infectiosum: slapped cheek rash, reticular trunk rash, fever/malaise/pharyngitis. Also arthralgias, diarrhea, abd pain.
What are two complications of 5th disease?
severe anemia/aplastic crisis, fetal death, arthritis
What is roseola infantum (exanthem subitem?
herpes 6&7 aka “6th disease”: 9-12mo, high fever x3d, febrile seizure, followed by morbilliform rash
What does VZV look like?
pain/burning 1st, then vesicles on a red base grouped in dermatome, become crusted
What does diaper candidiasis look like?
in creases–moves outward, beefy red, irregular borders, tx w/nystatin, clotrimazole, gentian violet
What is allergic contact dermatitis?
a T cell response to an antigen (nickel, plants), vesicles/bullae on red base, itchy, correspond to exposure areas, tx w/soaks & steroids.
What does seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap) look like?
Thin waxy scales, often to hairline/behind ears, tx w/olive oil, shampooing, dandruff shampoo, steroids
What is an infantile hemangioma?
MC tumor of infancy, benign vascular tumor (red), grow rapidly 1st month of life then involute/resolve by age 9 (50% by age 5), do NOT grow along with child
What are complications of hemangiomas?
ulceration, bleeding, scarring,
What is PHACES syndrome?
abnormalities associated w/lg hemangiomas on face: Posterior fossa brain abnormalities, Hemangioma, Arterial abn, Cardiac abn, Eye abn, Sternal cleft
Describe urticaria
Papules and plaques of various sizes, pruritic, pink/red, results from mast cell histamine release
Tx of urticaria
antihistamine, corticosteroids, epinephrine
What is erythema multiform minor?
minor form of widespread immune mediated skin necrolysis from a drug or infxn. targetoid lesions w/pale rings, violet centers w/up to one mucosal surface affected
What is Stevens-Johnson syndrome (erythema multiform major)?
papules progrssing to bullae w/2+ mucosal surfaces involved. May include systemic dysfxn (hepatitis, nephritis), <10% BSA
What causes SJS and what is the tx?
causes: drugs, mycoplasma, HSV. Tx: hydration, pain control, emollients, abx.
What is toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)?
massive denudation of skin, >30% BSA. MC cause is drugs (NSAIDS, ABX, anticonvulsants).
