GI Flashcards
Parietal cells are oxyntic (pale pink) cells found in which layer of the gastric body and fundus?
Upper glandular layer
Which 2 amphipathic molecules help make small amounts of cholesterol soluble for secretion in bile?
Bile salts and Phosphatidylcholine (a phospholipid)
Which 2 regulatory mechanisms exist for inactivating/regulating trypsin?
- SPINK1 is secreted by pancreatic acinar cells = trypsin inhibitor
- Trypsin is its own activator and inhibitor
Systemic mastocytosis is often associated with mutations in what?
KIT receptor tyrosine kinase
The enteric bacteria responsible for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth can produce which vitamins?
Vitamin K and Folate
When an ulcer penetrates the posterior duodenal wall, it is likely to erode into which artery?
Gastroduodenal
At birth, an infant with significant drooling + choking, coughing, and cyanosis with feeds should raise suspicion for what?
Tracheoesophageal fistula w/ esophageal atresia
Strictures as a complication of Chron Disease occur as a result of what?
- Bowel wall edema, fibrosis, and hypertrophy (thickening) of the muscularis mucosae
- Can lead to small bowel obstruction
What is the optimal site of biopsy for suspected H. pylori?
Gastric antrum
What is the site of protrusion of indirect inguinal hernias?
The deep (internal) inguinal ring = opening in transversalis fascia
What are the characteristic lab findings and intestinal biopsy findings of pt with Abetalipoproteinemia?
- Labs: very LOW plasma TAG’s and cholesterol; chylomicrons, VLDLs, and apoB are absent from the blood
- Biopsy: normal intestinal mucosal architecture, but enterocytes contain clear or foamy cytoplasm, prominent at the tips of the villi
What are Councilman vs. Mallory bodies; what is each associated with?
- Councilman: hepatocytes which have undergone apoptosis and appear round, acidophilic (pink on H&E stain); seen in viral hepatitis
- Mallory: are damaged cytokeratin filaments within hepatocytes that usually arise in pt’s with alcoholism
