GI

Question 1

with or without cleft palate result when the maxillary process fail to fuse with the elevations on the frontal prominence. Varying degrees of nasal deformity

Answer 1

cleft lip and palate

Question 2

family teaching for cleft palate

Answer 2

minimize parental anxiety, surgical wound care, proper feeding and positioning, follow up care

Question 3

surgical correction of cleft palate

Answer 3

monitor for respiratry distress, aspiration, infection, adequate nutrition, maintain suture lines, alleviate pain, psychosocial

Question 4

esophagus fails to develop as a continuous tube and ends in a blind pouch

Answer 4

esophageal atresia

Question 5

esophagus develops as a pouch connected to trachea by a fistula

Answer 5

tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 6

while awaiting surgery, nursing care for esophageal atresia and, fistula centers around

Answer 6

prevention of aspiration

Question 7

S/S of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula

Answer 7

excessive salivation and drooling, cyanosis, choking, coughing, return of fluid through nose and mouth during feeding, possible abdominal distention from air trapping

Question 8

esophagus and trach have a connection

Answer 8

esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula

Question 9

S/S are normal baby for 1-2 weeks, at first a good eater who vomits occasionally, projectile vomiting, irritable and fails to gain weight, fewer stools, dehydration, alkalosis and hyperbilirubinemia can occur

Answer 9

pyloric stenosis

Question 10

surgery for pyloric stenosis

Answer 10

pyloromyotomy

Question 11

pre-op for pyloric stenosis

Answer 11

IV fluids, electrolytes, NG tube, hungry and crying

Question 12

post op for pyloric stenosis

Answer 12

prognosis, pain, fluids, PO, positioning, discharge

Question 13

most common GI disorder in children, but higher incidence in premies and boys

Answer 13

reflux (GER)

Question 14

S/S of reflux (GER)

Answer 14

spitting to forceful vomiting after meals, hungry, crying, irritable, chronic cough and wheezing, stridor, apnea or breath holding spells, slow growth, weight loss, hoarseness and sore throat

Question 15

measures to help GER

Answer 15

small frequent meals, HOB elevated, upright feeding, thicken formula

Question 16

invasive measures for GER/reflux

Answer 16

Meds (reglan, prevacid, zantac, GT/NG feedings, or nissen fundoplication

Question 17

intraabdominal contents herniate through unbilical cored. INtestinal contents protrude and are covered by a translucent sac. The umbilical cord inserts into sac

Answer 17

omphalocele

Question 18

herniation of abdominal viscera outside abdominal cavity through a defect

Answer 18

gastroschisis

Question 19

difference between omphalocele and gastroschisis

Answer 19

gastroschisis doesnt have a sac

Question 20

treatment of omphalocele and gastroschisis

Answer 20

ICU to manage fluid status, temp, infection, VS, surgical intervention

Question 21

Blood vessels become trapped between layers and blood flow decreases, edema, strangulation of the bowel, gangrene and sepsis, death

Answer 21

intussusception

Question 22

Vomiting, diarrhea, fever, jelly stools,

Answer 22

intussusception

Question 23

twisting of the intestines, surgical emergency

Answer 23

volvulus

Question 24

vomit green, bowels are not correctly attached to the abdominal wall allowing rotation

Answer 24

volvulus

Question 25

congenital aganglionic megacolon. inadequate motility causes mechanical obstruction of intestine

Answer 25

hirschsprung disease

Question 26

failure for newborn to pass meconium/chronic constipation, refusal to suck, abdominal distention, bile stained emesis

Answer 26

hirschsprung disease

Question 27

ribbon like stools in older children. anemic. failure to gain weight.

Answer 27

hirschsprung disease

Question 28

mild hirschsprung modifications

Answer 28

dietary modifications, stool softeners, isotonic saline enemes

Question 29

severe cases/ill infants with hurschsprung

Answer 29

surgery, NPO, IV fluids, strict I/O

Question 30

concern with entrapment and strangulation of the bowel if unbilical ring closes around the bowel

Answer 30

hernia

Question 31

McBurney’s point, guarding, rebound tenderness

Answer 31

appendicitis. surgery or ABX

Question 32

bowel becomes infected, inflamed, and begins to die

Answer 32

necrotizing enterocolitis

Question 33

causes of necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 33

intestinal ischemia, bacterial/viral infections, immaturity of gut. Surgery can resolve and in severe cases sepsis

Question 34

chronic inflammatory process that affects mainly the lower intestine (ileum) to the colon. It could actually affect anywhere in the GI tract. Fistulas may develop

Answer 34

Crohns

Question 35

limited to large intestine (colon and rectum) and affects the inside lining of the bowel

Answer 35

Ulcerative colitis

Question 36

fever, diarrhea/vomiting caused by virus, bacteria, or parasite. Work up includes O and P, occult blood, electrolyte panel, urine, KUB (xray)

Answer 36

acute gastroenteritis

Question 37

mild dehydration percentage

Answer 37

less than or = to 5%

Question 38

moderate dehydration percentage

Answer 38

less than 10%

Question 39

severe dehydration percentage

Answer 39

= to or greater than 10% (need IV fluids)

Question 40

how much is a bolus for kids

Answer 40

20mL/kg

Question 41

how many stools is normal

Answer 41

3-4 a week

Question 42

abnormal passing of stool at improper times

Answer 42

encopresis

Question 43

clay colored stool

Answer 43

Hep A

Question 44

parasites

Answer 44

giardiasis lamblia and pinworms

Question 45

bloody diarrhea bacteria

Answer 45

shigella, salmonella