Cancer Flashcards
changes in cellular growth within the body
newplasms
the cell realizes something is wrong and destroys itself
apoptosis. the process of apoptosis, or cell death, may not be well developed in young children, therefore rapid growth of abnormal cells is seen
five cancers with familial tendancies
retinoblastoma, wilma tumor, multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2 (thyroid cancer), invasive colon cancer
solid tumors
brain tumor, neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma
bone tumors
esteosarcoma, ewing sarcoma
soft tissue tumors
hodgkins and non hodgkins, rhadomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma
ANC desired count
above 1000. lower is risk for infection
greatest ANC count risk
below 500
radiation is contained within some sort of device like a needle or seed device which may be placed near the tumor site temporarily or permanently
sealed radiation
radiation is not contained in a device so the radiation is not configured to one ear of the body
unsealed
administration of radiation therapy by inserting a radioactive source or applicator internally into the patient to deliver a high concentrated dose to a specific site
brachytherapy (internal radiation therapy)
medications ending in what? are most vesicant
cin and tine
if patient complains of pain with IV meds always
stop infusion. Everything else is secondary
BARK SE of medications
Bone marrow depression. Alopecia. Retching (N/V), Fear and anxiety. Stomatitis.
what do you give if zofran doesn’t work
Reglan
myelosuppression
decreased bone marrow function
products of cel lysis.
increased uric acid
three chemo drugs that are especially toxic to kidneys
methotrexate, mitomycin, cisplatin
S/S: behavioral and nervous changes, headache N/V, abnormal gait, dizziness, vision and hearing changes, fatigue
signs of brain tumor
complications of brain tumor
infections, seizures, sensorimotor defects, hydrocephalus, growth problems, prophylactic anticonvulsants, DI, SIADH, sailor gait, various cranial nerves issues
T N and M classifications
T - primary tumor, N - regional lymph nodes, M - distamnt metastasis
MRI education
remove jewelry, body piercings, metallic objects in body, braces, metal dental bridgework
education for radiation
wash gently mild soap and water, use hand to wash, rinse thoroughly, don’t remove markings, dry with patting motions, no powders and lotion etc., soft clothing, belts and things on it a no no, avoid sun and heat
fresh from brachytherapy?
isolation
three basic ways to reduce radiation exposure
DECREASE (time spent near). INCREASE (distance from source), INCREASE shielding
chips that light up when heated proportional to exposure
desimeters
how many feet from radiation
6
how many minutes per visit time for radiations
30
complications of brain tumor
hydrocephalus, DI, SIADH, infections, seizures, growth issues, impaired cognitive function, hormone imblance
physiological assessment of brian tumor
sailor gait, disturbance of cranial nerves, head tilting, nystagmus
solid tumor outside of cranium
neuroblastoma
usually location is abdomen. may also occur in adrenal, thoracic and cervical areas
neuroblastoma
weight loss, abdominal distention enlarged liver. S/S depend on location
neuroblastoma
Grows quickly. Associated with congenital abnormalities, hemihypertrophy, hypertension, hematuria,
Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
poor dentation, poor bones, liver damage, portal hypertension, kyphosis and scoliosis,
wilms tumor
tumor affecting skeleton of children
osteosarcoma (tumor on bone)
malignant, small round tumor usually involving a long bone
ewing sarcoma
seen in times of rapid growth
osteosarcoma
radiation exposure is common cause, pain, night waking, adolescents, referred back or hip pain
osteosarcoma
disorder of lymphoid tissue
hodgkin lymphoma
fever, night sweats, weight loss, elevated leucocyte, ESR, non tender and firm nodes
hodgkin lymphoma
3 times more likely in boys, malignant tumors of the lymphoreticular origin (internal framework of the lymph system), immature T cells
non hodgkin
most often occurs in muscles around eyes and neck. most common soft tissue tumor in children.
rhadomyosarcoma
swelling, ptosis, visual disturbances, eye movement abnormalities, rapid metastasis
rhabdomyosarcoma
cats eye reflex (leukokoria/white pupil), fixed strabiamus, orbital inflammation, glaucoma
retinoblastoma
pay attention to IOP
retinoblastoma
blood cells release what when destroyed
bilirubin
hematocrit
31.7-39.8%
HGB
10.2-13.4 g/dL
WBC count
4800-11,000
RBC count
3800-5000
platelet count
202-367 x 10 to the 9
