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HELP CAMPUS > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the Hesselbach triangle?

A

medial border: rectus abdominus, lateral border: inguinal ligament, superior border: inferior epigastric artery

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2
Q

Most common cause of painless rectal bleeding in peds?

A

polyps

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3
Q

Patient has slate colored skin indicates?

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

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4
Q

What is used to chelate in wilsons disease?

A

penicillamine

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5
Q

What is treatment for chronic hemachromatosis?

A

phlebotomy and deferoxamine chelation

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6
Q

Tx for chronic autoimmune hepatitis?

A

corticosteroids

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7
Q

Tx for chronic viral hep B and C?

A

pegylated interferon alpha

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8
Q

What serum gastric levels are found in zollinger ellison sx?

A

> 150 suggestive; >200 diagnostic

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9
Q

What level of eosinphillia is dx of eosinophilic esophagitis on bx?

A

> 15

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10
Q

What type of diarrhea is found with cholrea?

A

seceratory

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11
Q

What type of diarrhea is found with lactose intolerance?

A

osmotic

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12
Q

What are the 3 common sx of pellagra?

A

diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

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13
Q

What bug is related to deli meat and miscarriages?

A

listeria

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14
Q

Niacin deficiency can cause?

A

pellagra

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15
Q

What congenital error of metabolism that requires avoidance of phenylalanine?

A

phenylketonuria

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16
Q

Abx to prevent travel diarrhea? Pregnant and children?

A

fluoroquinolone, azithromycin

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17
Q

How to dx lactose deficiency ?

A

lactose breath hydrogen test

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18
Q

Perifollicular petechial mean what type of vitamin deficiency?

A

Vita C-scurvy

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19
Q

What type of diarrhea can lead to meningitis in neonates and immunocomprised patients?

A

listria

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20
Q

What type of hernia can be felt on side of the finger on PE? tip?

A

side: direct, tip: indirect

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21
Q

How to tx giardia infxn?

A

metrodinazole

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22
Q

What are RF for ventral hernia?

A

age, surgery, obesity

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23
Q

Stomach herniated up to the thorax?

A

paraesophageal hernia

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24
Q

Sx of sliding hernia?

A

GERD

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25
Q

Adenomatous on colonoscopy should get how often colnoscopy?

A

3-5yrs

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26
Q

What does adenomatous mean?

A

benign polyps

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27
Q

What are thumb imprints on xray indicative of?

A

toxic megacolon, acute mesenteric ischemia

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28
Q

What is the most common CA?

A

adnocarcinoma

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29
Q

What does steatorrhea indicative of?

A

malabsorption

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30
Q

What is found on bx for celiac sprue?

A

villious atrophy

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31
Q

Abdominal pain that is out of proportion?

A

acute mesenteric ischemia

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32
Q

60yo male who is a smoker c/o recurrent abdominal dull ache within 1hr of eating?

A

chronic mesenteric ischemia

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33
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease + bloody diarrhea?

A

ulcerative colitis

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34
Q

What is the difference between ulcerative colitis and crohns?

A

ulcerative colitis only affects the colon, crohns has “skipped lesions”

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35
Q

What other sx can be assessed with patients who have ulcerative colitis?

A

pyoderma gangrenosum, ankloysing spondylitis, erthema nodosum, uvities

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36
Q

What irritable bowel disease affects the WHOLE GI tract, mouth and anus?

A

crohns

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37
Q

Newborn has double bubble on xray?

A

duodenal atresia

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38
Q

What are the 3 types of abx that can be used with diverticulotitis?

A

cipro + metronidazole, augmentin, bactrim DS

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39
Q

Positive anti-tissue transglutaminase, anti-gliadin, anti-endomysial AB suggests?

A

celiac sprue

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40
Q

What criteria is used to asses pancreatic CA?

A

ranson criteria

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41
Q

What genetic abnormality is associated with duodenal atresia?

A

hereditary spherocytosis

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42
Q

What heart condition will arise with mesenteric ischemia?

A

a fib, CHF, MI

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43
Q

What tumor marker is associated with pancreatic CA?

A

CA 19-9

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44
Q

What tumor marker is associated with liver CA?

A

Alpha fetoprotein

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45
Q

What does porcelain gall bladder suggest?

A

gallbladder CA

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46
Q

What is the sign called when patient has bleeding in the abdomen causing ecchymosis?

A

cullens sign

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47
Q

What is the most common type of pancreatic CA?

A

ductal adenocarcinoma

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48
Q

What does fever, RUQ, and jaundice indicate?

A

cholangitis

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49
Q

What is positive anti-mitochondrial AB indicate?

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

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50
Q

What lab results will indicate vaccination of Hep B?

A

Antigen neg., AB surface positive, AB core negative

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51
Q

What lab results will indicate immune from infxn of Hep B?

A

Antigen neg., AB surface positive, AB core positive

52
Q

What lab results will indicate further testing of Hep B and what would you order?

A

Antigen is positive, IG anti-core

53
Q

What lab results will indicate hep B chronic vs acute infnx?

A

chronic: antigen pos, surface neg, core positive, IG neg; acute: antigen pos, surface neg, core positive, IG pos

54
Q

How to tx gastoparesis?

A

metocloparmide or IV erythromycin

55
Q

How to tx gastritis?

A

PPI, sx relief

56
Q

What drugs can increase risk of cholithiasis?

A

ceftraxoine and clofibrate

57
Q

What hereditary disease can increase risk of cholithiasis?

A

sick cell dz and herediatry spherocytosis

58
Q

What may result in a false negative in breath urea test?

A

PPI, antacids, abx, H2 blockers

59
Q

What sx associated with GERD can indicate pulmonary disease?

A

wheezing, horseness

60
Q

What is an important ADR to educate when giving metoclopramide?

A

tardive dyskinesia

61
Q

What type of ulcer is relieved after eating?

A

duodenal ulcer

62
Q

What motility disorder is caused by the degeneration of Auerbach plexus?

A

achalasia

63
Q

What medication can be used to treat stable esophageal varices?

A

BB

64
Q

What bugs can cause esophagitis?

A

HSV and CMV

65
Q

Vitamin B1 is associated with what prob?

A

beriberi, wernickes

66
Q

Vitamin B6 is associated with what prob?

A

anemia

67
Q

Vitamin K def can lead to what lab result?

A

increased PT

68
Q

Vitamin E def can lead to?

A

hemolytic anemia

69
Q

What is therapeutic and diagnostic for intussusception?

A

barium enema

70
Q

What to expect on the imaging results for pyloric stenosis?

A

string sign

71
Q

Sausage mass + red currant jelly stools indicates?

A

intussusception

72
Q

Drinking from water stream + diarrhea is caused by what bug?

A

giardia

73
Q

Newborn has very foul smelling urine suggests?

A

phenylketonuria

74
Q

Longterm, untreated phenylketonuria can cause what complication?

A

mental retardation

75
Q

Diarrhea on a cruise ship is d/t what bug?

A

norovirus

76
Q

Diarrhea at daycares?

A

rotavirus

77
Q

Diarrhea at picnics and egg salad?

A

s. aureus

78
Q

Diarrhea with undercooked pork?

A

salmonella

79
Q

Diarrhea with traveling?

A

e. coli

80
Q

Diarrhea with shellfish?

A

vibrio

81
Q

Obesity and recent surgery causes ventral herniation, treatment?

A

observe

82
Q

Congenital inguinal hernia,

A

indirect

83
Q

Treatment for perianal cyst?

A

I&D

84
Q

What type of hernia worsens with GERD?

A

hiatal hernia

85
Q

Painful defecation, occasional blood, pruritis of the anus?

A

external hemmoroids

86
Q

Which anal cyst is cancerous?

A

teratoma

87
Q

How to differeniate between mesenteric ischemia and toxic megacolon?

A

mesenteric has a soft abdomen, toxic has a rigid abdomen

88
Q

Common area for large bowel obstruction?

A

sigmoid colon

89
Q

Barium study reveals an apple core lesion, what should you expect?

A

colon CA

90
Q

Celiac would reveal what lab results?

A

Positive anti-tissue transglutaminase, anti-gliadin, anti-endomysial AB

91
Q

What med should be given to patient with acute mesentaric ischemia while patient is waiting for surgery?

A

papaverine via angiogram

92
Q

What is gold standard for acute mesentaric ischemia?

A

angiogram

93
Q

What are the complications for ulcerative colitis?

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis, toxic megacolon, colorectal CA

94
Q

What labs should be positive with ulcerative colitis?

A

pANCA

95
Q

What labs should be positive in crohn’s dz?

A

ASCA

96
Q

What two meds should patients with chronic pancreatitis be on?

A

insulin and pancreatic enzymes

97
Q

What is the gold standard for primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

liver bx revealing antimitochondrial AB

98
Q

Family hx of cirrhosis, hyperpigmentation, DM, pseudogout, cardiomyopathy can suggest what dz?

A

hereditary hemachromatosis

99
Q

45yo male alcoholic has epigastric pain raditating to back has ARDS?

A

acute pancreatitis and sepsis

100
Q

How to medically treat ascities in cirrhosis?

A

PO AM spirinolactone and furosemide

101
Q

Primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with?

A

celiac

102
Q

Which hepatitis is DNA?

A

hep B; rest are RNA

103
Q

Which hep causes high infant mortality in pregnant women?

A

hep E

104
Q

How to tell between chronic and acute hep B?

A

IGM

105
Q

Patient has wt loss, jaundice, and palpable RUQ mass?

A

pancreatic CA or gallbladder CA

106
Q

What is the next step after patient has an inconclusive US for cholecystitis?

A

HIDA

107
Q

Patient has cholangitis with confusion and HTN?

A

acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis

108
Q

Patient has jaundice, RUQ pain, fever?

A

cholangitis

109
Q

Which MEN I tumor causes excess gastric acid?

A

zollinger ellison

110
Q

Diabetic patient checks his glucose level after meals and it’s consistently low, what to suspect?

A

gastroperesis

111
Q

Patient has L supraclavicular and umbilical swollen lymph node?

A

gastric CA

112
Q

What abx is major cause of biliary sludge?

A

ceftriaxone

113
Q

Patient has discomfort with eating, better after eating?

A

gastric ulcer

114
Q

Patient does not have discomfort with eating, worse after eating?

A

duodenal ulcer

115
Q

What surgical procedure is indicated with for refractory GERD?

A

nissen fundoplication

116
Q

Patient presents with esophageal bleeding, what IV medication should be used?

A

vasopressin

117
Q

What meds to prevent esophageal varices?

A

BB

118
Q

What is the treatment for plummer vinson dz?

A

dilation and iron supplementation

119
Q

Female patient presents dysphagia to solid foods and anemia; what to expect on endoscopy?

A

esophageal webs for plummer vinson dz

120
Q

Stroke patients have dysphagia with solid, liquid, or both?

A

both

121
Q

Patient with dysphagia for solid and liquid food, and shiny tight skin?

A

scleroderma

122
Q

Schatzki ring has dysphagia with solid or liquid food?

A

solid

123
Q

What to expect on barium swallow on patient that has esophageal spasm?

A

corckscrew

124
Q

Bird beak on barium swallow indicates patient cannot swallow solid, liquid, both?

A

both

125
Q

Patient has severe sore throat after bone marrow transplant, on exam: multiple vesicles; what to suspect?

A

HSV as it is common in transplant patients

126
Q

Most likely bug that is causing deep vesicular oral lesions in HIV patient?

A

CMV

127
Q

What treatment should be used with patient’s family of active Hep A?

A

immunoglobulin

HELP CAMPUS (10 decks)

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