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HELP CAMPUS > ENDO > Flashcards

ENDO Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between somogyi and dawn effect?

A

both are hyperglycemia but somogyi is d/ t insulin, dawn is d/t catecholamines and GH

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2
Q

What is the difference between somogyi and dawn effect?

A

both are hyperglycemia but somogyi is d/ t insulin, dawn is d/t catecholamines and GH

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3
Q

What lipid tx med should be avoided with gout pts?

A

niacin

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4
Q

What is metabolic sx?

A

abdominal obesity, HTN, hyperglycemia, high trig, low HDL

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5
Q

What does high beta-hydroxybutyrate mean?

A

DKA

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6
Q

What is sipple sx?

A

MEN 2a (hyperparathyroid, medullary thyroid CA, pheochromocytoma)

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7
Q

What is wermers sx?

A

MEN 1 (parathyroid, pituitary, pancreatic)

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8
Q

Pt has secondary corticoadrenal insufficiency, what happens to cortisol levels after cosyntropin stimulation?

A

cortisol will increase

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9
Q

What does no change with cosyntropin stimulation mean?

A

primary corticoadrenal insufficency

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10
Q

Nodules on thyroid without exophthalmos?

A

plummers dz

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11
Q

What lipid tx can cause flushing, pruritis, nausea?

A

niacin

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12
Q

What is LDL goal for patients with heart dz?

A
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13
Q

What DM meds can cause pancreatitis?

A

DPP4 inhibitor (-gliptin) , GLP1 analogs (byetta)

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14
Q

What lipid tx may cause increase in glucose levels?

A

niacin

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15
Q

What lipid tx is good for LDL control?

A

statins

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16
Q

What lipid tx is good for trig control?

A

niacin, omega 3

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17
Q

What meds cause lipid elevation?

A

thiazide

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18
Q

Hyperlipidemia is associated with what dz?

A

hypothyroidism

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19
Q

What are 2 long acting insulin?

A

insulin glargine and insulin detemir

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20
Q

What are 3 short acting insulin?

A

glullsine, lispro, aspart

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21
Q

What meds should not be given to patients with G6PD?

A

sulfonylureas

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22
Q

What are 2 tx for gestational DM?

A

insulin and lifestyle changes

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23
Q

What values during a 24-48week gestation 75gm 2hrs GTT are dx for DM?

A

one hr >180, 2hr >153

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24
Q

What is dx for fasting gestational DM?

A

> 92

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25
Q

What can be added onto metformin?

A

insulin, sulfonylureas, pioglitazone, GLP1

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26
Q

Pt had MI 2years ago, what is goal A1C and LDL?

A
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27
Q

What screening is recommended for DM patients?

A

A1C testing q6mo; annual monofilamint testing, eye exam, PVD screening, lipid screening, UA microalbumin

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28
Q

What are relative contraindication for metformin?

A

HF, liver failure, ETOH abuse, hypoperfusion states

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29
Q

What is absolute contraindication for metformin?

A

kidney failure

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30
Q

What are the criteria for DM?

A

fasting >126, 2hr GTT >200, A1C > 6.5, random BG >200

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31
Q

Which MEN sx has neuromas?

A

MEN 2b

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32
Q

Sx of polyuria, polydipsia, increase serum osmolarity, decrease urine osmolarity?

A

DI

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33
Q

Osteoporosis, bone pain, renal calculi, GI sx, and psychiatric overtones?

A

hyperparathyroidism

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34
Q

Tx for central DI and DI in pregnancy?

A

desmopressin

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35
Q

Which type of thyroiditis has fever, pain, and neck mass?

A

supparitive thyroiditis from staph, strep

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36
Q

How to tx hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?

A

PTU during first trimester, methimazole for the rest

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37
Q

What are 2 causes for thyroiditis?

A

lithium, amiodarone (antiarrythemia), interferon alpha, interleukin 2 (cancer)

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38
Q

Cold nodule on thyroid uptake scan means?

A

malignancy

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39
Q

PE/Sx for pituitary ademona?

A

visual change, galactohrrea

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40
Q

3 meds for Cushing sx tx if surgery is not an option?

A

mitotane, ketaconazole, metyrapone

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41
Q

What screening should be done with Cushing sx?

A

DEXA

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42
Q

Decrease ACTH, high cortisol with dexamethasone suppression means?

A

Cushing primary

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43
Q

Increase ACTH from dexamethasone suppression means?

A

Cushing secondary

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44
Q

What is the diff between cushing sx and disease?

A

sx is primary, disease is secondary

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45
Q

What is the tx for corticoadrenal insufficiency?

A

hydrocortisone

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46
Q

What is the common cx of primary corticoadrenal insufficiency?

A

addison

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47
Q

What to expect on CMP lab with addison patient?

A

hyponatremia

48
Q

What to expect on lab with addison patient?

A

hyponatremia

49
Q

What lipid tx med should be avoided with gout pts?

A

niacin

50
Q

What is metabolic sx?

A

abdominal obesity, HTN, hyperglycemia, high trig, low HDL

51
Q

What does high beta-hydroxybutyrate mean?

A

DKA

52
Q

What is sipple sx?

A

MEN 2a (hyperparathyroid, medullary thyroid CA, pheochromocytoma)

53
Q

What is wermers sx?

A

MEN 1 (parathyroid, pituitary, pancreatic)

54
Q

Pt has secondary corticoadrenal insufficiency, what happens to cortisol levels after cosyntropin stimulation?

A

cortisol will increase

55
Q

What does no change with cosyntropin stimulation mean?

A

primary corticoadrenal insufficency

56
Q

Nodules on thyroid without exophthalmos?

A

plummers dz

57
Q

What lipid tx can cause flushing, pruritis, nausea?

A

niacin

58
Q

What is LDL goal for patients with heart dz?

A

less than 70

59
Q

What DM meds can cause pancreatitis?

A

DPP4 inhibitor (-gliptin) , GLP1 analogs (byetta)

60
Q

What lipid tx may cause increase in glucose levels?

A

niacin

61
Q

What lipid tx is good for LDL control?

A

statins

62
Q

What lipid tx is good for trig control?

A

niacin, omega 3

63
Q

What meds cause lipid elevation?

A

thiazide

64
Q

Hyperlipidemia is associated with what dz?

A

hypothyroidism

65
Q

What is the procedure called to tx acromegaly with pituitary adenoma?

A

trans-sphenoid resection

66
Q

What are 3 short acting insulin?

A

glullsine, lispro, aspart

67
Q

What meds should not be given to patients with G6PD?

A

sulfonylureas

68
Q

What are 2 tx for gestational DM?

A

insulin and lifestyle changes

69
Q

What values during a 24-48week gestation 75gm 2hrs GTT are dx for DM?

A

one hr >180, 2hr >153

70
Q

What is dx for fasting gestational DM?

A

> 92

71
Q

What can be added onto metformin?

A

insulin, sulfonylureas, pioglitazone, GLP1

72
Q

Pt had MI 2years ago, what is goal A1C and LDL?

A
73
Q

What screening is recommended for DM patients?

A

A1C testing q6mo; annual monofilamint testing, eye exam, PVD screening, lipid screening, UA microalbumin

74
Q

What are relative contraindication for metformin?

A

HF, liver failure, ETOH abuse, hypoperfusion states

75
Q

What is absolute contraindication for metformin?

A

kidney failure

76
Q

What are the criteria for DM?

A

fasting >126, 2hr GTT >200, A1C > 6.5, random BG >200

77
Q

Which MEN sx has neuromas?

A

MEN 2b

78
Q

Sx of polyuria, polydipsia, increase serum osmolarity, decrease urine osmolarity?

A

DI

79
Q

Osteoporosis, bone pain, renal calculi, GI sx, and psychiatric overtones?

A

hyperparathyroidism

80
Q

Tx for central DI and DI in pregnancy?

A

desmopressin

81
Q

Which type of thyroiditis has fever, pain, and neck mass?

A

supparitive thyroiditis from staph, strep

82
Q

How to tx hyperthyroidism in pregnancy?

A

PTU during first trimester, methimazole for the rest

83
Q

What are 2 causes for thyroiditis?

A

lithium, amiodarone (antiarrythemia), interferon alpha, interleukin 2 (cancer)

84
Q

Cold nodule on thyroid uptake scan means?

A

malignancy

85
Q

PE/Sx for pituitary ademona?

A

visual change, galactohrrea

86
Q

3 meds for Cushing sx tx if surgery is not an option?

A

mitotane, ketaconazole, metyrapone

87
Q

What screening should be done with Cushing sx?

A

DEXA

88
Q

Decrease ACTH, high cortisol with dexamethasone suppression means?

A

Cushing primary

89
Q

Increase ACTH from dexamethasone suppression means?

A

Cushing secondary

90
Q

What is the diff between cushing sx and disease?

A

sx is primary, disease is secondary

91
Q

What is the tx for corticoadrenal insufficiency?

A

hydrocortisone

92
Q

What is the common cx of primary corticoadrenal insufficiency?

A

addison

93
Q

What sx can occur with sudden withdrawal of steroids?

A

severe N/V/D, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia

94
Q

What to expect on lab with addison patient?

A

hyponatremia

95
Q

What to expect on CBC lab with addison patient?

A

eosinophila

96
Q

Prolonged hypoparathyroidism can mimic what dz?

A

parkinson

97
Q

Prolonged hypoparathyroidism can cause what neurological sx?

A

seizure

98
Q

Parathyroid hormone affects what 3 organs?

A

GI absorption, bone absorption, renal reabsorption

99
Q

What to PE tests can you do for hypoparathyroidism?

A

chvosteck sign and troursseau

100
Q

Hyperparathyroidism can be d/t what mineral deficient?

A

Mg

101
Q

What 3 meds can cause hyperthyroidism?

A

lithium, amiodarone, levothyroxine

102
Q

What meds can cause both hyper and hypothyroidism?

A

lithium and amiodarone

103
Q

What is the most common secondary cause of hyperparathyroidism?

A

ESRF

104
Q

What AB are positive in hashimoto and grave?

A

antithyroglobulin, antithyroid peroxidase

105
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism?

A

hashimoto

106
Q

Which class of HIV causes hyperlipidemia?

A

protease inhibitor

107
Q

Which lipids can cause pancreatitis?

A

trig

108
Q

What med can cause angioedema?

A

ezetimibe

109
Q

45 yo male has hypoglycemia with parathyroid, what MEN is this?

A

MEN 1

110
Q

Patient has medullary thyroid CA and develops HTN that is resistant to tx, what should be r/o?

A

pheochromocytoma, MEN 2a, MEN 2b

111
Q

Urine osmolarity will be high or low in DI?

A

low

112
Q

What is the procedure called to tx acromegaly with pituitary adenoma?

A

trans-sphenoid resection

113
Q

Patient does has normal ACTH levels but comes back with high coritsol levels with high dexamethasone suppression test?

A

ectopic CA

114
Q

Increased cortisol level with cosyntropin test is primary or secondary corticoadrenal insufficiency?

A

secondary

115
Q

Radiation induced thyroiditis has hard or tender thyroid?

A

tender

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