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HELP CAMPUS > CARDIO > Flashcards

CARDIO Flashcards

1
Q

How to you ensure you’re in the pericardium when doing a pericentesis?

A

blood should NOT clot

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2
Q

What is the rise in the jugular pressure that increases with inspiration with pericardial tamponade?

A

kussmauls

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3
Q

What are the 3 Ds of pericardial tamponade?

A

Distant heart sounds, distended jugular, decreased arterial pressure

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4
Q

What are the different types of aortic dissection?

A

stanford A and B

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5
Q

What is the initial dose of plavix/clopidgrel for MI?

A

300mg

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6
Q

Can you use heparin with patients with CrCl

A

NO

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7
Q

What other diuretics can be used other than furesomide?

A

bumetanide

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8
Q

What are the ADRs of amiodarone?

A

pulm HTN, hyper/hypothyroid, elevated LFT, iodine allergy

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9
Q

What statins are approved for acute MI treatment?

A

Atrovastatin 80mg OR Rosuvastatin 40mg

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10
Q

Patient passes out after standing for too long?

A

neurocardiogenic syncope

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11
Q

What is the most likely cause of a child fainting after an argument?

A

cardio - QT prolongation

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12
Q

What is the most likely cause of an adult fainting after an argument?

A

cardio - MI

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13
Q

What is the most likely cause of fainting after getting up from a chair?

A

orthostatic

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14
Q

What is the most likely cause of orthostatic hypotension if the patient does not have a reflex of increasing HR?

A

autonomic dysfxn

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15
Q

What is emergency HTN

A

> 180/120 + organ damage

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16
Q

What HTN meds are cautioned after MI?

A

Minoxidil and Clonidine

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17
Q

What HTN meds are cautioned after cataract surgery?

A

alpha blockers

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18
Q

What HTN meds are contraindicated with bradycardia or heart block?

A

beta blockers, clonidine, CCB

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19
Q

What HTN meds are contraindicated with asthma and PAD?

A

beta blockers

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20
Q

What HTN meds are contraindicated with pregnancy?

A

ACE, ARB, thiazide

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21
Q

What HTN meds are contraindicated with renal artery stenosis?

A

ACE, ARB

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22
Q

What HTN meds can cause pericardial effusion?

A

minoxidil

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23
Q

-asozin?

A

alpha blockers

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24
Q

-dipine?

A

CCB

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25
Q

-sartan?

A

ARB

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26
Q

What HTN meds can cause hypertrichosis?

A

minoxidil

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27
Q

What HTN meds can cause hyperurecmia?

A

thiazide

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28
Q

What HTN meds can cause peripheral edema?

A

CCB

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29
Q

What HTN meds can cause diarrhea?

A

direct renin inhibitors

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30
Q

What HTN meds can cause hypokalemia?

A

thiazide

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31
Q

What HTN meds can cause constipation?

A

CCB (Verapamil), clonidine

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32
Q

What HTN meds can cause depression?

A

beta blockers

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33
Q

What HTN meds can cause hyperkalemia?

A

ACE, ARB, spironolactone

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34
Q

What are the 5 common causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

1) cancer
2) amlyoidosis
3) radiation
4) fibrosis
5) hemachromatosis
6) scleroderma

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35
Q

Angina syncope is a child?

A

child- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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36
Q

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic HF?

A

systolic: prob pumping out, no prob filling; diastolic: prob filling, no prob pumping

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37
Q

What are the 5 common causes for systolic HF?

A

radiation/chemo, tako tsubo, MI, cocaine, viral infxn

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38
Q

Patient on a ratio of __ can have balloon pump removed?

A

3:1

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39
Q

Acute MI treatment balloon pump ratio?

A

1:1

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40
Q

What will happen to patient’s INR when on amiodarone?

A

increases

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41
Q

What is the INR goal for mechanical valve?

A

2.5-3.5

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42
Q

What is thrombophlebitis?

A

PE + inflammed vessel walls

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43
Q

What is tx for thrombophlebitis?

A

one month of low molecular heparin

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44
Q

What test should be ordered for supsicion of pheochromocytoma?

A

UA for VMA

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45
Q

When treating a patient with HTN urgency, __% in __hours should be avoided?

A

more than 25% in 1-2hrs

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46
Q

What are JNC 7 classification?

A

pre - 140/90; stage 1 - 160/100; stage 2 - >160/100

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47
Q

What is the difference between constrictive and restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

constrictive - pericardium constricts; restrictive - deposits within the pericardium

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48
Q

What causes death in HOCM?

A

venticular tachycardia –> ventricular fib

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49
Q

How to treat diastolic HF?

A

same as systolic HF: beta blocker, diuretic, ACE

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50
Q

What arrythemia can occur with structural changes?

A

ventricular tachycardia

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51
Q

What types of murmurs are associated with a. fib?

A

MITRAL regurg and MITRAL stenosis

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52
Q

What murmur RARELY causes sx?

A

pulm regurg

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53
Q

What electrolyte disorder can increase digoxin toxicity?

A

hypokalemia

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54
Q

What med can cause vision to turn blue?

A

sildenfil

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55
Q

What med can cause vision to turn yellow?

A

digoxin

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56
Q

What drug decreases afterload in post MI?

A

ACE

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57
Q

What do V1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 leads mean?

A

1, 2 -posterior? ; 3, 4 - anterior; 5, 6 - lateral

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58
Q

Calf pain that is resolved with rest?

A

peripheral artery disease

59
Q

What is the term for calf pain that is resolved with rest?

A

claudication

60
Q

What do low ejection fraction and HOCM have in common?

A

death from VT

61
Q

What mechanical intervention can improve coronary perfusion and work load?

A

aortic balloon pump

62
Q

What is the best medication for HTN in MI?

A

dobumatine

63
Q

What meds are recommended with patients with CAD?

A

ACE and BB

64
Q

What type of adrenal tumor causes HTN?

A

pheochromocytoma

65
Q

First line HTN with NO DM?

A

thiazide

66
Q

First line HTN with DM?

A

ACE

67
Q

Common cause of diastolic HF?

A

HTN

68
Q

What meds for HF?

A

ACE, loop diuretic, nitro

69
Q

What meds are recommended with chronic HF?

A

ACE and BB

70
Q

Vitamin deficiency that causes HF?

A

thiamine

71
Q

What 2 CCB affects AV node?

A

verapamil, diltiazem

72
Q

What rash is seen with endocarditis?

A

petechial

73
Q

Roth spots in a drug user is associated with what bug?

A

s. aureus

74
Q

How to tell the difference between tricuspid and mitral regrug?

A

Carvallo’s sign - murmur of TRICUSPID regurg increases during held in inspiration

75
Q

What is the physical sign seen with tricuspid stenosis?

A

JVD

76
Q

Common cause of tricuspid stenosis?

A

rheumatic fever

77
Q

Rheumatic fever attacks which valve first?

A

mitral

78
Q

What murmur is heard with pregnancy?

A

mitral stenosis

79
Q

What are the 3 common causes of mitral and tricuspid regurg?

A

leaflet degeneration, chordea tendinae rupture, dilation

80
Q

What are the common causes of aortic and pulm regurg?

A

leaflet degeneration, dilation

81
Q

What is the diff between chronic systolic and diastolic HF?

A

systolic: ACE, loop diuretic, BB; diastolic: ACE and BB

82
Q

What is gallavardin phenomenon associated with?

A

aortic stenosis

83
Q

What is austin flint associated with?

A

aortic regurg: low rumbling murmur

84
Q

What are the 3 symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A

ASH (Angina, Syncope, Heart failure)

85
Q

What are the 3 symptoms of mitral stenosis?

A

PHD (Palpitation, Heart failure, Dyspnea on exertion)

86
Q

Machine murmur?

A

PDA

87
Q

What is pathognomonic for rheumatic fever?

A

aschoff bodies - subcutaneous nodules

88
Q

What cyanotic heart defect causes right heart failure?

A

eisenmenger syndrome

89
Q

Pansystolic murmur?

A

VSD

90
Q

What are the 4 components for tetratology of fallot?

A

overriding aorta, VSD, RVH, pulmonary valve stenosis

91
Q

Venous ulcer occurs commonly where?

A

medial mallelous

92
Q

What cardiac abnormality is associated with bicuspid aortic valve?

A

coarctation of aorta

93
Q

Murmur with pulmonic area ejection murmur and fixed split S2?

A

ASD

94
Q

What 2 CXR indicates PE?

A

hamptons hump and westermark sign

95
Q

Imaging study for PE in pregnancy?

A

VQ scan

96
Q

Patient has a cold L arm d/t arterial clot - what is the valvulopathy?

A

mitral stenosis

97
Q

What must be r/o’d in marfan sx?

A

aortic dissection

98
Q

What is first line for varicose veins?

A

compresison stockings

99
Q

What med for arterial emboli?

A

heparin

100
Q

What valvulopathy is associated with periperhal arterial emboli?

A

mitral stenosis

101
Q

What HTN makes peripheral arterial emboli sx worse?

A

BB

102
Q

Gold standard for peripheral artery?

A

angiograhy

103
Q

Claudication calls for what first test?

A

ABI

104
Q

What is associated with giant cell arteritis?

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

105
Q

30yo male has a syncopal episode after taking abx and EKG shows VT, cause?

A

QT prolongation from abx

106
Q

70yo male passes out after arguing, what 3 conditions should be r/o’d?

A

acute coronary syndrome (clot in the heart: MI, unstable angina, angina), ventricular arrhythmia, aortic stenosis

107
Q

What HTN med causes impotence in men?

A

BB

108
Q

Patient going under radiation is likely to get what type of cardiomyopathy?

A

constrictive cardiomyopathy

109
Q

Signs of constrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

JVD, dyspnea on exertion

110
Q

What is affected in HOCM?

A

sacromere

111
Q

What are causes of HF?

A

thiamine deficiency, hyperthyroidism, severe anemia, AV shunts

112
Q

Where are the apical impulses located in systolic and diastolic HF?

A

systolic -downward and L; diastolic: midclavicular and 5th intercostal

113
Q

S4 is associated with?

A

HOCM, MI, diastolic HF

114
Q

S3 is associated with what HF?

A

systolic HF

115
Q

What is graham steel murmur?

A

pulm regurg

116
Q

Opening snap and decrescendo diastolic murmur?

A

mitral stenosis

117
Q

Crescendo decrescendo systolic murmur?

A

pulm stenosis

118
Q

Ebstein anomaly?

A

tricuspid is not formed properly and is not long enough to close the valv resulting to triscupid regurg

119
Q

Why does squatting help kids with tetralogy fallot?

A

squatting temp closes the shunt so they get more O2 throughout the body

120
Q

What is another word for pansystolic?

A

holosystolic

121
Q

What is the most common cardiac defect?

A

VSD

122
Q

12yo male gets leg cramps when running and notice a radial femoral pulse, what to suspect?

A

coarctation of aorta

123
Q

Common cause of aortic dissection?

A

HTN

124
Q

Pulmonic area ejection murmur with fixed splitting of S2 , what to expect on CXR?

A

dilated pulmonary arteries

125
Q

Gold standard for 56yo male with tearing sensation to the back?

A

aortic angiography

126
Q

Patient presents to ER for CP but cardiac work up is neg. Has many RF for CAD and strong family hx, what work up should he do as out patient?

A

walking nuclear test

127
Q

Which cardiac enzyme lasts the longest?

A

troponin

128
Q

Which cardiac enzyme peaks the first?

A

CKMB

129
Q

How does elderly patient first present when having an ACS?

A

syncopal event

130
Q

Do a. fib patients have preload?

A

NO b/c atrium isnt contracting = no blood

131
Q

What is preload vs afterload?

A

preload: the stretch of the ventricles after the atrium contracts
afterload: the resistance and “push” the ventricles have to do inorder to get the blood through the aortic valve (meaning higher afterload = HTN)

132
Q

Which of the following medications is best avoided when treating a hypertensive patient who has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?

A

Propanolol

133
Q

A 15-year-old boy faints while playing basketball. In the emergency department he is alert and non-cyanotic. Blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg, pulse 72/min/regular and respiratory rate 16/min. Examination shows apical lift, 2/6 ejection murmur at the apex and bisferiens carotid pulse. Which of the following is the preferred initial therapy?

A

Verapamil

134
Q

A 67-year-old man who has known chronic bronchitis and atherosclerotic heart disease has a 1 week history of increasing exertional dyspnea. Which of the following is the preferred diagnostic test to differentiate pulmonary dyspnea from cardiac dyspnea?

A

Bnp

135
Q

A 44-year-old woman has an acute ischemic cerebellar stroke. Blood pressure 146/92 mm Hg, pulse 102/min/regular, rectal temperature 102.4 degrees F, and respirations 22/min. Lungs are clear to auscultation. Cardiac examination shows a 2/6 left sternal border diastolic heart murmur. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Infective endocarditis

136
Q

A 70-year-old man who has a prosthetic aortic valve is to undergo gum surgery. He has no allergies. Which of the following is the preferred agent in endocarditis prophylaxis?

A

Ampicillin

137
Q

A 70-year-old man has a 2 week history of fatigue and low grade fever. Presence of which of the following would suggest endocarditis as the underlying disease?

A

Petechiae

138
Q

A 48-year-old man with bipolar disorder is well-controlled on lithium. He recently developed hypertension. Which of the following antihypertensive drugs is most likely to cause lithium toxicity if prescribed to him by your practice?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

139
Q

A 56-year-old woman has a 4 month history of poor concentration, forgetfulness, constipation, and dry skin. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed. Which of the following is the most likely electrocardiographic abnormality to be noted?

A

Low voltage

140
Q

Thirty minutes after using cocaine, an 18-year-old man has agitation, sweating, and restlessness. Blood pressure 220/116 mm Hg, pulse 138/min. Which of the following effects is most likely to be noted if intravenous propranolol is administered?

A

Further elevation of BP

141
Q

A 67-year-old man has a 2 week history of increasing facial swelling with onset of facial cyanosis. Examination shows elevated jugular venous pressure and dilation of the veins of the anterior chest and both arms. Cardiac examination is normal. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Superior vena cava syndrome

142
Q

A 33-year-old woman has systolic heart failure related to dilated cardiomyopathy. Which of the following is the least likely cause of the cardiomyopathy?

A

Prior hx of viral hep

143
Q

Which of the following is the mechanism of action of a thrombolytic medication?

A

Activates plasminogen

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