GI

Question 1

Diamox

Answer 1

Enzyme inhibitor used for pancreatitis (swelling of gland and escape of amylase and lipase, cause necrosis). Drug inactivates enzymes minimizing the damage

Question 2

Octreotide (sandostatin)

Answer 2

Lowers BP in the liver. Bleeding should stop. Associated with esophageal varices. Also lowers insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and chemicals that affect digestion; reduce flushing episodes and watery diarrhea caused by cancerous tumors

Question 3

Lactulose

Answer 3

Decreases ammonia associated with hepatic coma and encephalopathy. Associated with esophageal varices

Question 4

Peptic ulcer meds

Answer 4

PPI- omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole. H2 antagonist- ranitidine, famotidine. GI cocktail- donnatal, viscous lidocaine, mylanta II. ABX for H. Pylori- clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole. Sucralfate- forms a barrier over the ulcer so acid can’t get on it.

Question 5

Polyethylene glycol (go-lytely)

Answer 5

For colonoscopy to dx crohns and ulcerative colitis. 8oz every 10 min.

Question 6

Prochlorperazine

Answer 6

Antiemetic used to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery to prevent pressure on suture lines. SE- drowsiness, orthostatic HTN

Question 7

Gemfibrozil

Answer 7

Reduces cholesterol and triglycerides in blood. People with pancreatitis. Used to lower the risk of stroke, heart attacks or other heart complications

Question 8

Atorvastatin

Answer 8

Lowers high cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Reduces risk of chest pain, stroke, heart attack. -statin. Propranolol dec effectiveness of this drug.

Question 9

Simvastatin (zocor)

Answer 9

Used to lower serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins. SE- eye lens opacities, liver dysfunction. Monitor LFTs (6-12 wks after start then every 6mo) and ophthalmic exam (before start then yearly)

Question 10

Lovastatin (mevacor)

Answer 10

Lipid lowering agent. SE- abd cramps, constipation, diarrhea, flatus, heartburn. Peak effect- 4 to 6 wks. Administer with food. LFTs (unexplained muscle pain is sign of liver damage)

Question 11

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

Answer 11

For indigestion, duodenal ulcers and benign gastric ulcers, GERD. Should not take for over 2 wks. SE- diarrhea, dizziness, hepatic abnormalities. Don’t take antacids within 30-60 min of med. Large doses can cause confusion in elderly

Question 12

Loperamide (Imodium)

Answer 12

Antidiarrheal. With fever over 101 worried about bacterial or parasitic causes of diarrhea

Question 13

Anticholinergics

Answer 13

Used for pancreatitis because they dry you up. Benztropine (cogentin) and diphenoxylate/atropine (lonox)

Question 14

Pantoprazole

Answer 14

Proton pump inhibitor. Dec acid

Question 15

Ranitidine HCl. Famotidine

Answer 15

H2 receptor antagonist. Dec acid

Question 16

Trimethobenzamide hydrochloride (tigan)

Answer 16

Antiemetic. May cause dizziness or drowsiness

Question 17

Compazine

Answer 17

Antiemetic for stapedectomy surgery

Question 18

Laxatives from least to most problematic

Answer 18

Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid, bisacodyl, docusate sodium, magnesium Hydroxide