Antibiotics

Question 1

Aminoglycosides

Answer 1

A- inhibits protein synthesis in gram- bacteria. Use- pseudomonas, E. Coli. Ex- gentamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, tobramycin. SE- ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, n/v, diarrhea, anorexia. Nx- 8th cranial nerve (hearing), renal function, 7-10 days, fluids

Question 2

Cephalosporins

Answer 2

A- inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall. Use- tonsillitis, otitis media, Peri-operative prophylaxis, meningitis. Ex- ceclor (cefaclor), ancef (cefazolin), keflex (cephalexin), rocephin (ceftriaxone), mefoxin (cefoxitin). SE- bone marrow dep, superinfections, rash. Nx- take w/ food, cross allergy w/ PCN, avoid alcohol, c/s before start. False + for protein/glucosuria

Question 3

Antibiotics

Answer 3

SE- allergy (Benadryl, loratidine), anaphylaxis (epinephrine, bronchodilators); superinfection; organ toxicity. Teach- take until gone, do culture and sensitivity first, encourage fluids, check exp date (toxic)

Question 4

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 4

A- interferes w/ DNA replication of gram- bacteria. Use- e.coli, pseudomonas, s. Aureus. Ex- cipro (ciprofloxin). SE- diarrhea, dec wbc and hematocrit, ^ liver enzymes, ^ alkaline phosphatase. Nx- c/s, fluids, take 1h AC or 2h PC meals. Don’t take w/ iron prep or antacids. Probenecid (gout med) helps absorb faster.

Question 5

Macrolide

Answer 5

A- binds to cell membrane and changes protein function. Use- acute infections, acne, URI, prophylaxis before dental procedures if allergic to PCN. Ex- erythromycin, cleocin (clindamycin). SE- diarrhea, CONFUSION, hepatotoxicity, superinfections. Nx- take 1h AC or 2-3h pc, monitor liver function. Take w/ full glass of water, NEVER juice. Inc effectiveness of Coumadin and theophylline.

Question 6

Penicillin

Answer 6

A- inhibits synthesis of cell wall. Use- mod to severe infections, syphilis, gonococcus, Lyme disease. Ex- amoxil (amoxicillin), ampicillin, augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate). SE- stomatitis, diarrhea, allergy, renal/hepatic changes. Nx- hypersensitivity, AC/PC, cross allergy w/ cephalosporins

Question 7

Sulfonamides

Answer 7

A- antagonize essential component of folic acid synthesis. Use- ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, otitis media, UTIs. Ex- gantrisin (acetyl sulfisoxazole), bactrim (co-trimoxazole), azulfidine (sulfasalazine). SE- peripheral neuropathy, crystalluria, photosensitivity, GI upset, stomatitis. Nx- take w/ food, fluids, mouth care. Don’t take w/ antacids

Question 8

Tetracyclines

Answer 8

A- inhibits protein synthesis. Use- infections, acne, prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum. Ex- doxycycline (vibramycin), tetracycline (panmycin). SE- discoloration of primary teeth if taken during pregnancy, glossitis, rash, phototoxic reactions (sunburn). Nx- sunscreen, AC/PC, don’t take w/ antacids, milk, iron; exp date toxic, renal function

Question 9

Azithromycin

Answer 9

Anti-infective that is used for the tx of infections of the resp and urinary tract. SE- abd cramps, diarrhea, confusion, hepatotoxicity.

Question 10

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 10

Antibiotic. Must be given at equal intervals (12 hrs) around the clock to maintain blood levels. SE- HA, nausea, diarrhea, dec WBC and hematocrit, rash. Take 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals