GI Flashcards

1
Q

What contributes to ventral pancreatic bud?

A

uncinate process, main pancreatic duct

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2
Q

What contributes to dorsal pancreatic bud?

A

body, tail, isthmus, and accessory pancreatic duct

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3
Q

What contributes to both ventral and dorsal pancreatic bud?

A

head of pancreas

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4
Q

Unique about spleen origin and blood supply

A

Arises in the mesentery of the stomach (hence mesodermal) but is supplied by the foregut (celiac artery)

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5
Q

Level of celiac trunk

A

T12

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6
Q

level of SMA

A

L1

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7
Q

level of IMA

A

L3

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8
Q

level of AA bifurcation

A

L4

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9
Q

What is SMA syndrome?

A

3rd part (transverse) of duodenum entrapped between SMA and aorta causing intestinal obstruction

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10
Q

Structures supplied by celiac artery

A

Pharynx (vagus nerve only), lower esophagus (celiac artery only) to proximal duodenum; spleen, pancreas, liver+gallbladder

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11
Q

Gallstones that reach ampulla of vater can cause?

A

Cholangitis and pancreatitis because of obstruction of common bile duct and main pancreatic duct respectively

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12
Q

What makes up the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius muscle, adductor longus, inguinal ligament and contains femoral vein artery and nerve

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13
Q

What contents are in the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral vein, artery, and canal (deep inguinal lymph nodes) NOT FEMORAL NERVE

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14
Q

Site of protrusion of indirect hernia

A

internal inguinal ring lateral to inferior epigastric

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15
Q

Site of protrusion of direct hernia

A

abdominal wall medial to inferior epigastric

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16
Q

Difference in flow in low and high flow states in the pancreas

A

Low flow-high cl- and subsequently low hco3-

High flow-high hco3- and subsequently low cl-

17
Q

What converts trypsinogen to trypsin?

A

Enterokinase/enteropeptidase which is a brush border enzyme on duodenal and jejunal mucosa and they are important for activating other proteases as well that are secreted in zymogen form

18
Q

What catalyzes the rate limiting step of bile synthesis?

A

cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase

19
Q

What are bile acids conjugated to making them water soluble?

A

glycine or taurine

20
Q

Behcet syndrome triad

A

Aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis

21
Q

2 most important risk factors for SCC in the US

A

Alcohol and Tobacco (cigarettes)

22
Q

hemorrhage ulcer complication location and bleeding

A

Gastric located on lesser curvature of stomach (bleeding from left gastric artery)
Duodenal (posterior>anterior)–>posterior wall of duodenum with bleeding from gastroduodenal artery

23
Q

perforation of ulcer complication and bleeding

A

Duodenal (anterior>posterior)–>may see free air under diaphragm with referred pain to shoulder via phrenic nerve

24
Q

is duodoneal ulcer associated with cancer?

25
What is the sudan II stain?
1st step in screening for malabsorption syndromes by staining the stool (identifies fecal fat)
26
What drug can be given to increase liver enzyme synthesis in Criggler najJar type II
Phenobarbital
27
Triad of hemochromatosis
Hyperpigmentation of particularly sun exposed areas, secondary diabetes, micronodular cirrhosis
28
Cholestatic pattern of LFTs?
Increased conjugated bilirubin, increased cholesterol, increased ALP